大逃离
课文学习台
The Great Escape
区分观点、依据、例子与限制，用自己的话准确重建论述。
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第1段
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
经济实惠是露营的一个重要动机，因为除了最初购置或租借露营装备外，总体花费要比住旅馆花的少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，经济实惠远不是唯一动机，甚至都谈不上最主要的动机。在欧洲那么多永久营地中，露营者若漫不经心地把车开进自己花20英镑租来的那块地方，可能就会撞上一辆宾利。更可能的情况是会看到一辆福特雅士和一辆雷诺或一辆奔驰并排停放着，不过双人自行车则不太常见。
第2段
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides— and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon—an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maître d'hôtel.
现代露营装备一年比一年精良，这对于那些批评露营的人来说，则批评的论调可笑得站不住脚了；而对于那些发誓想逃离现代生活的满怀期待的露营者，精良的装备则意味着更光明的前景。装备的精良也提供了另一种逃离——有些社会学专业的学生可能想着以此现象来写篇论文 ——观念新潮的旅游者常常逃离“斯普兰迪德”和“贝拉维斯塔”这样的豪华酒店。但并非他们给不起房费，也不是逃避物质享受，只是因为他们害怕住酒店。 他们即便可能很富有，但对于看门人和房间女服务员的小费，怎么给，给多少，无从知晓。他在自己家里说一不二，到了酒店，却连什么时候可以向领班表达不满都拿不准。
第3段
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior "they" in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
露营让害怕酒店的旅行者得以解脱。 诚然，露营本身也存在以露营装备和技术取人的势利现象；不过这种现象旅行者遇到了也乐于理解和欣然应对。在露营地，没有“人上人” 以管理层和酒店等级制度的形式来让旅行者的假日黯然失色。
第4段
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least
除了以上动机外，还得加上一个。当前的汽车崇拜现象，尤其可以用所有权所包含
第5段
by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
的独立和自由意识来解释。露营给这种快乐以美妙的提炼。
第6段
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement are there, outside—or, as likely, part of—the tent.
从自己的家门出发到国内外的山区或沙滩上露营再回来，一切都很便利。这个便利不仅在于，前往度假天堂的汽车完全在自己掌握和把持之中，更在于要逃离度假地狱（要是海滩太挤，或者当地天气恶劣）时，汽车就在这，露营的帐篷外面，或者帐篷本身就依车而架。
第7段
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting "our camping friends" to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
理想主义者反对露营，就像反对旅行社安排好的旅游一样，这会使得出国的游客无法认识当地的人们。 他们认为，观点偏狭和自我封闭并存。但这种观点，在受欢迎的欧洲露营地体验过后就没有生存空间了。 假日酒店习惯于为某个国家游客服务，有时会只为该国游客服务。 而露营地则相反，是高度世界性的。需要承认的是，似乎通常在大部分地中海露营地德国人最多，但还没有出现某一国游客占压倒性多数的情况。禁止露天晾衣服，或者禁止占用取水点洗车的温馨提示，和邀请露营朋友参加舞会或乘船观光的海报，不仅印了法语、意大利语、西班牙语，还印了英语、德语、荷兰语。用餐时，德国泡菜和大蒜的味道互不相让，法国人的早点咖啡和英国人的咸肉煎蛋一较高下。
第8段
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
有组织的露营活动的显著增长，是否意味着更为独立的露营方式最终会消失，还很难说。市政当局当然希望确保露营者的场地费和其他光顾所带来的收益。警察则对那些在认可营地范围或住处都查不到行踪的游荡者保持警惕。但最可能还是要靠露营者自己了——他们引起了多少场野火；留下了多少垃圾。总之，他们是否弄得露营地主人和住在乡间的人们反感。只有保持良好的野外活动素养，才有可能保住这份自由——它是每一个童心未泯的野营爱好者所珍爱的。
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译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第219—227页，2022年2月第2版。