水和旅行者
课文学习台
Water and the Traveller
区分观点、依据、例子与限制，用自己的话准确重建论述。
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第1段
Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems, or contamination with industrial or farm waste. Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. Intermittent tap water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect.
供水受到污染通常是因水源附近卫生状况恶劣，污水直接排入水源，污水渗入供水系统，或者工农业废水污染所造成。即使水源处的供水干净卫生，等流到水龙头时就不一定干净了。间歇性供水的水龙头，其水质尤其值得怀疑。
第2段
Travellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality should avoid drinking tap water, or untreated water from any other source. It is best to keep to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names—international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. Carbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly safer. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry.
到供水品质不确定的地区短途旅行时，应避免直接喝水龙头的水，或喝任何其它未经处理的水。最好喝热饮，知名品牌的瓶装或罐装饮料 ——装瓶水厂通常遵循水处理的国际标准。碳酸饮料为酸性，会稍安全一些。 确保瓶装水是当你面拧开的，而且瓶口边缘既干净又干燥。
第3段
Boiling is always a good way of treating water. Some hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. Portable boiling elements that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is available. Refuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source.
烧开一直是处理水的好办法。有的酒店可应客人需要提供烧开了的水，可用于饮用或刷牙。 如果有电压相符的电力供应，能够烧少量水的便携式烧水设备则很实用。礼貌地拒绝任何来源不明的冷饮。
第4段
Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. Drinks can be cooled by placing them on ice, rather than by adding ice to them.
冰块是否安全，取决于制冰用水是否安全；只有确认安全的冰块，才能加入饮料。饮品可以靠放在冰块上面来制冷，而不是把冰块放进冷饮
第5段
Alcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water. Ethanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70%; below 20%, its bactericidal action is negligible. Spirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47% alcohol. Beware of methyl alcohol, which is very poisonous and should never be added to drinking water.
酒精可作为医用消毒剂，但决不可用于饮用水的消毒。乙醇的浓度为50-70%时更加有效；浓度低于20%时，杀菌作用已微乎其微。标注为95 proof的烈酒，酒精含量实际约为47%（这里的proof不能直接译成酒精度数）。要注意甲醇，有剧毒，千万不能加到饮用水里。
第6段
If no other safe water supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. Those planning a trip to remote areas, or intending to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, should know about the various possible methods for making water safe.
如果无法获取其他干净的水，自来水管中流出的烫手的水，可以留下来冷却。这种一般来说是可以饮用的干净水。 那些计划去偏远地区旅行，或在没有现成饮用水的国家居住的人，应该了解获取饮用水的各种方法。
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译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第164—168页，2022年2月第2版。