银行和客户
课文学习台
Banks and Their Customers
区分观点、依据、例子与限制，用自己的话准确重建论述。
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第1段
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor—who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
任何人在银行开了往来账户，就等于把钱借给了银行。客户可以随时提款，可以取现，也可以给别人开一张支票。银行与客户，主要是债务人和债权人的关系。究竟谁是债务人，要看客户是有结余还是透支了。除了这个简单的基本概念外，银行和客户彼此还承担了很多责任。其中许多责任可导致问题和产生纠纷，但是客户无法像商品的买家那样投诉法律对自己不利。
第2段
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
银行必须依照客户的指令，而非听命于客户以外的人。比如，客户首次在银行开户时，告知银行，只有凭本人签发的支票，银行才能从其账户扣款。客户把自己的不同签名样式交给了银行，对此有一条非常严格的规定：银行无权凭客户签名被伪造的支票支付其账户中的款项。 即使伪造得以假乱真，银行也无权兑付，因为银行必须辨别出其客户的签名。因此，某些银行已采用如下做法：在支票上印上客户的姓名，这一做法对于客户没有风险。万一这种做法有利于伪造签名，那也是银行来承担损失，而不是客户。
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译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第50—53页，2022年2月第2版。