鸟类的飞行方式
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Bird Flight
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第1段
No two sorts of birds practice quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.
没有哪两种鸟拥有相同的飞行方式。 鸟类的飞行方式千差万别，但大体上可分为两类。 任何一艘横渡太平洋的轮船，都会有小信天翁伴随着飞几天。 随船飞一个小时也可能见不到它扇动一下翅膀。 沿船体上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。 信天翁是鸟类滑翔飞行之王，滑翔类别的鸟可以自如地驾驭空气，但必须顺气流而飞。
第2段
In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has "conquered" the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.
另一类飞行方式的鸟中，野鸭为翘楚。 此类方式更近乎于发动机，人类亦吹嘘自己“征服”了空气。 野鸭及与它们相似的鸽子生而具备钢铁般的肌肉，占了很大一部分体重。 这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀，使得该类鸟能逆风飞很远才会疲劳。 比野鸭和鸽子更次的鸟，如鹧鸪，也有相似的巨大推动力，只是极易疲劳。 如果海风驱使它们长距离飞行，你有可能捡到一些实在飞不动的鹧鸪。
第3段
The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.
燕子完美结合两类飞行方式的优点。 它既不疲劳，也不炫耀强健的飞行能力；它与天空融为一体，可以飞行6,000英里往返于北方的巢窝；在飞行中，顺道喂养已学会飞的小燕，甚至在逆风时也能于气流中滑翔，气流似乎在帮它前进。 这些鸟对我们有益，虽然我们不再从它们的飞行行为来占卜吉凶，连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼，祝它早安了。
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译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第92—95页，2022年2月第2版。