青春期
课文学习台
Adolescence
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第1段
Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.
当家长听到孩子赞扬他们朋友家的情况时，总感到烦恼，并认为这是孩子在嫌弃自己的饭菜不够美味、卫生不够干净，或者家具不够高档。而且家长常常愚蠢地当着孩子的面生气。他们甚至会责备孩子不喜欢自己家，或者讲些孩子朋友的家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的做法让处于青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心从今以后再也不告诉父母去过哪里以及见过谁。不会太久,家长就会抱怨孩子如此神秘，什么事都不跟他们说，殊不知这是他们自找的。
第2段
Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
无论父母作为家长或作为独立个体有多么优秀、称职，孩子对父母的理想化认识在一定程度上破灭，都是不可避免的。除了父母自身不能令人满意的情况外，大多数孩子还是对父母抱有很高的期望，以致于这种期望脱离了实际的评价。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，以及意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响的话，那么家长定会大为震惊并深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这标志着孩子们正在成长，而且正在培养宝贵的观察力和独立判断力的话，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。
第3段
The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知，甚至承认自己做得不公平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的。 孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的就是不肯承认。
第4段
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
维多利亚时代的父母相信，依靠无理由的权威态度可以维护其尊严；实际上这样根本就没用。孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道孩子的真实想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方的态度都比较端正。遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管当时可能会有些痛苦。
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译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第144—148页，2022年2月第2版。