气垫船
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The Hovercraft
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第1段
Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. In 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell, who had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads, suggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. It was the idea of supporting a craft on a "pad", or cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air. Ever since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged among ships, planes, or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft. As a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship's power and limits its speed. His answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by making it ride on a cushion of air no more than one or two feet thick. This is done by a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. It "flies", therefore, but it cannot fly higher—its action depends on the surface, water or ground, over which it rides.
本世纪已研制出许多新奇的交通工具，其中最新奇的要数气垫船了。1953年，有一位50多岁名叫克里斯托弗·科克雷尔的原电子工程师，改行在诺福克郡的湖泊地区从事造船业。他向英国政府和工业界提出了他研究多年的一项计划。他的设想是：用一层低压空气形成的气垫支撑船体，周围环绕着高压空气。自那以后，人们在决定这种运载工具到底是轮船、飞机，或是陆上交通工具时犯难了，因为它介于船和飞机之间。作为一个造船专家，科克雷尔在寻找解决波浪阻力的方法，因为波浪阻力浪费掉了船在水面行驶的大量动力，也限制了船的速度。他的解决方案是把船体提出水面，让船在一个气垫上行驶。气垫不超过一两英尺厚。在船底装上大量环状喷气嘴，从而实现了这一目的。 这样，船就能“飞”了，但也飞不高。它的运行依赖下方的支撑面，不论那是水面还是地面。
第2段
The first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation. The hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted the beach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road. Later it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, which presented no problem.
1959年，在索伦特海峡进行的首次系列试航引起了轰动。气垫船先是在水面上行驶，后又登上海滩，越过沙丘，最后停在路上。后来气垫船跨越了英吉利海峡，平稳地在波浪上方行驶，没有发生任何问题。
第3段
Since that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service. The hovercraft is particularly useful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia; it can become a "flying fruit-bowl", carrying bananas from the plantations to the ports; giant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic; and the railway of the future may well be the "hovertrain", riding on its air cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds up to 300 m.p.h.—the possibilities appear unlimited.
从那以后，各种各样的气垫船出现了，并开始了定期航行服务。气垫船在非洲、澳大利亚等交通不发达地区特别实用。它能成为“会飞的水果盘”，把香蕉从种植园运到港口。大型的气垫船航线或许能跨越大西洋。未来的火车或许能成为“气垫火车”，靠气垫在单轨上行驶而不接触轨道，时速可达300英里每小时。气垫船的前途不可限量。
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