工业中（科研）的保密
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Secrecy in Industry
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第1段
Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.
两个因素严重影响工业中的科研效率。 一是科研工作进行中普遍的保密氛围；二是科研人员缺乏个人自由。 一项研究只要涉及保密， 就自然会限制参与者与同行进行有效交流；这些同行可能在别的国家、大学里，甚至常常就在同一家公司的其他部门。 保密程度自然是各有不同。 某些从事属于一般性和基础性的研究的较大公司，不保密对他们有利。 然而，许多以这类研究为基础的工艺，仍是在严格保密中开发的，直到可以申请专利。 还有更多工艺根本不申请专利，而是一直作为秘密工艺保存。 这种做法在化学工业尤其如此。 同物理和机械工业相比，化学工业中有更多的偶然发现。 有时，保密竟达到了连研究的整体性质都不得提及的程度。 比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技文献时感到为难，因为公司不愿让图书馆登记某本书籍的借阅者名字。 它们生怕其他公司的代理人据此追查出本公司可能正在开展哪一类研究。
第2段 · 原稿补充
Such secret methods would be really effective, however unethical, only if those turning out the secret research had a personal interest in its secrecy. But here the system defeats itself. The general suppression of the results of industrial scientific research by the firms concerned has a depressing effect on the research worker.
当秘密研究中保密与个人利益相关时，哪怕再不道德，这种保密的方法也确实有效。然而，这种制度在这里却适得其反。相关公司普遍压着工业科研成果不予公开，使研究人员感到沮丧。
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