---
url: >-
  https://gaojian.site/writing-advanced/121-setbacks-recovery-and-resilience-3.md
description: >-
  地道英文写作进阶第121课：roller coaster、dawn on sb.、sb. would kill to do sth. / sb. would
  kill for sth.
---

# 121｜挫折、恢复与心理韧性（3/3）

人物、职业与影响力 · 挫折、恢复与心理韧性 · 3 个表达

本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。

本课回忆与下次日期 ↓

::: warning 开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆

不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。

:::

## 1. roller coaster

核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述

::: info 一眼掌握

**核心含义：** 过山车般的经历；大起大落的局面；跌宕起伏的过程；情绪、事业或生活状态剧烈波动的经历

**English definition：** a situation or experience that involves sudden and extreme changes

**roller coaster** 原义是“过山车”，引申为一种突然上升、突然下跌、令人紧张又难以预测的经历。

:::

::: tip 普通表达 → 地道升级

* **普通表达：** Starting a business involves many ups and downs.
* **升级表达：** Starting a business can be an emotional roller coaster.

:::

### 语境例句

经济与就业具体主体 → 核心表达 → 现实意义

> Starting a company is often an emotional roller coaster, with hope and panic arriving almost in the same day.

主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。

迁移输出 · 保留 roller coaster，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。

::: details 深入理解：用法、语法与易错点

#### 用法说明

**roller coaster** 原义是“过山车”，引申为一种突然上升、突然下跌、令人紧张又难以预测的经历。

它的核心不是普通的 **change**，而是：

* 变化很快
* 起伏很大
* 情绪或局势忽上忽下
* 人很难保持稳定
* 常伴随紧张、兴奋、焦虑、失落或压力

在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：

* an emotional roller coaster
* a career roller coaster
* a financial roller coaster
* a political roller coaster
* a startup founder’s roller-coaster experience
* someone’s life being a roller coaster

比如：

* Starting a business can be an emotional roller coaster.
* His career has been a roller coaster of success, failure, comeback, and disappointment.
* After losing his job, he went through an emotional roller coaster.

它比普通的 **ups and downs** 更形象，也更强烈。**ups and downs** 可以指一般起伏，而 **roller coaster** 更强调剧烈、突然、让人难以承受的波动。

#### 语境复现

基础句：

* His life has been a roller coaster.

提升句：

* Starting a company is often an emotional roller coaster, with hope and panic arriving almost in the same day.

应用句：

* For many ambitious people, a career is not a smooth upward line but a roller coaster of early promise, painful setbacks, unexpected opportunities, and moments when confidence has to be rebuilt from the ground up.

#### 对应译文

* 他的人生一直跌宕起伏。
* 创办公司往往是一场情绪过山车，希望和恐慌几乎会在同一天到来。
* 对许多有抱负的人来说，职业生涯并不是一条平滑上升的直线，而是一场由早期希望、痛苦挫折、意外机会，以及一次次必须从头重建信心的时刻组成的过山车。

#### 语法与搭配

常见结构：

* **be a roller coaster**
* **be on a roller coaster**
* **an emotional roller coaster**
* **a roller-coaster ride**
* **a roller-coaster journey / experience**
* **a roller coaster of sth.**

例如：

* It has been a roller coaster.
* He was on an emotional roller coaster after the divorce.
* Her career has been a roller-coaster ride.
* The campaign was a roller coaster of hope, fear, and disappointment.
* Life as a founder can feel like a roller coaster.

常见形式：

* **an emotional roller coaster**
* **a financial roller coaster**
* **a political roller coaster**
* **a career roller coaster**
* **a roller-coaster ride**
* **a roller-coaster year**
* **a roller coaster of emotions**

常见搭配对象：

* life
* career
* emotions
* startup
* relationship
* campaign
* year
* experience
* journey
* market

说明：

1. **roller coaster** 可作名词短语使用。
2. 作定语时，常写成：
   * **a roller-coaster ride**
   * **a roller-coaster year**
3. 最常见搭配之一是：
   * **an emotional roller coaster**
4. 如果强调“经历”，可以说：
   * **go through an emotional roller coaster**
   * **be on an emotional roller coaster**
5. 它通常用于情绪、事业、创业、关系、市场等起伏明显的语境。

#### 易错提醒

1. **roller coaster** 强调剧烈、突然、反复的起伏，不是普通变化。
2. 它常用于情绪和经历，不要随便用于平淡的小变化。
3. 正确结构是：
   * √ an emotional roller coaster
   * √ a roller-coaster ride
   * √ a roller coaster of emotions
   * × a roller coaster emotion
4. 作定语时，英美写法中常可见 **roller-coaster** 带连字符。
5. 在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：

   * founder
   * career
   * failure
   * comeback
   * job loss
   * emotional pressure
     连用。

#### 近义表达与区别

* **ups and downs**
* **a turbulent experience**
* **a bumpy ride**
* **a wild ride**
* **an emotional whirlwind**

细微区别：

* **roller coaster** 最形象，强调“像过山车一样剧烈起伏”。
* **ups and downs** 最普通，表示一般起伏。
* **a turbulent experience** 更正式，强调动荡和不稳定。
* **a bumpy ride** 更口语，强调过程不顺、磕磕绊绊。
* **a wild ride** 更口语，强调刺激、不可预测。
* **an emotional whirlwind** 更强调情绪混乱和强烈变化。

:::

::: details 更多仿写练习

先判断句子是否真的需要表达“**过山车般的经历；大起大落的局面；跌宕起伏的过程；情绪、事业或生活状态剧烈波动的经历**”，再动笔。每题先独立写一句，写完再展开答案；不必刻意使用生僻词。

请用 **roller coaster** 写一句话，描述以下内容：

1. **基础｜核心结构**：创业者每天都可能经历情绪的大起大落
2. **进阶｜具体情境**：他失业后经历了一段情绪过山车
3. **挑战｜完整表达**：她的职业生涯充满成功、失败和重新开始

仿写提示：可参考以下开头

* Life as a founder …
* After losing his job, …
* Her career has been …
* The past year felt like …

:::

::: details 查看参考答案

参考答案提供的是自然写法，不是唯一写法。先比较目标表达的结构和语义，再比较措辞；不要因为冠词或个别同义词不同就判定整句错误。

**1. 基础｜核心结构｜创业者每天都可能经历情绪的大起大落**

* Life as a founder can be an emotional roller coaster.
* Starting a business often puts people on an emotional roller coaster.

**2. 进阶｜具体情境｜他失业后经历了一段情绪过山车**

* After losing his job, he went through an emotional roller coaster.
* He was on an emotional roller coaster for months after being laid off.

**3. 挑战｜完整表达｜她的职业生涯充满成功、失败和重新开始**

* Her career has been a roller coaster of success, failure, and fresh starts.
* She has had a roller-coaster career, marked by dramatic setbacks and surprising comebacks.

#### 自评标准（每题 5 分）

* **2 分｜结构**：目标表达的固定搭配完整，介词、动词形式和必要宾语正确；
* **1 分｜含义**：句子确实表达“过山车般的经历；大起大落的局面；跌宕起伏的过程；情绪、事业或生活状态剧烈波动的经历”，不是只把中文逐词替换；
* **1 分｜语法**：主谓、时态、单复数和冠词不妨碍理解；
* **1 分｜语境**：有具体主体，原因、变化或结果清楚。

达到 **4 分**即可继续；3 分及以下时，参考范例重写一次，并大声读出修改后的句子。

:::

## 2. dawn on sb.

核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述

::: info 一眼掌握

**核心含义：** 某人突然意识到；某人渐渐明白；某事开始被某人察觉；真相在某人心中浮现出来

**English definition：** If a fact dawns on you, you realize it for the first time.

这个短语用来表示一个事实、真相、问题或念头，原本并不清楚，后来突然或逐渐被某人意识到。

:::

::: tip 普通表达 → 地道升级

* **普通表达：** He suddenly realized that he had trusted the wrong person.
* **升级表达：** It suddenly dawned on him that he had trusted the wrong person.

:::

### 语境例句

治理与公共政策现实背景 → 核心判断 → 后续影响

> As he listened to the room fall silent, it dawned on him that authority was not the same as respect; people had obeyed him for years, but few had ever truly trusted him.

主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。

迁移输出 · 保留 dawn on sb.，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。

::: details 深入理解：用法、语法与易错点

#### 用法说明

这个短语用来表示一个事实、真相、问题或念头，原本并不清楚，后来突然或逐渐被某人意识到。

它的核心不是普通的 **realize**，而是：

* 意识不是一开始就有的
* 真相像天亮一样慢慢浮现
* 常带“恍然大悟”的感觉
* 可以是突然发现，也可以是逐渐明白
* 很适合写人物心理变化

在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：

* it dawned on him that he had been wrong
* it slowly dawned on her that she needed to leave
* the truth began to dawn on them
* it finally dawned on the manager that the problem was serious
* it dawned on me that I had misunderstood him

比如：

* It suddenly dawned on me that I had forgotten the meeting.
* It slowly dawned on her that her friend was not telling the truth.
* The truth began to dawn on him after the second warning.

它比 **realize** 更有画面感。**realize** 只是“意识到”，而 **dawn on sb.** 像天亮一样：原本昏暗模糊，后来一点点看清楚。

#### 语境复现

基础句：

* It suddenly dawned on me that I was wrong.

提升句：

* It slowly dawned on him that his success had depended less on talent than on the quiet support of people he had taken for granted.

应用句：

* As he listened to the room fall silent, it dawned on him that authority was not the same as respect; people had obeyed him for years, but few had ever truly trusted him.

#### 对应译文

* 我突然意识到自己错了。
* 他慢慢意识到，自己的成功与其说依赖天赋，不如说依赖那些他一直视为理所当然的人的默默支持。
* 当他听见房间里安静下来时，他忽然明白，权威并不等于尊重；多年来人们服从他，但很少有人真正信任他。

#### 语法与搭配

常见结构：

* **sth. dawns on sb.**
* **it dawns on sb. that …**
* **it suddenly dawned on sb. that …**
* **it slowly / gradually dawned on sb. that …**
* **the truth began to dawn on sb.**

例如：

* The truth finally dawned on him.
* It dawned on me that I had made a mistake.
* It suddenly dawned on her that she was alone.
* It slowly dawned on them that the plan would not work.
* Only later did it dawn on him how serious the problem was.

常见形式：

* **it dawned on me that …**
* **it finally dawned on him that …**
* **it began to dawn on her that …**
* **the truth dawned on them**
* **the realization slowly dawned on sb.**
* **only then did it dawn on sb. that …**

常见搭配对象：

* truth
* fact
* realization
* possibility
* seriousness
* meaning
* problem
* mistake
* consequence
* danger

说明：

1. **dawn** 原义是“黎明到来”，这里比喻“意识逐渐变清楚”。
2. 最常见句型是：
   * **It dawned on sb. that + 从句**
3. 主语也可以是真相或事实：
   * **The truth dawned on him.**
4. 常和 **suddenly / slowly / gradually / finally / only then** 连用。
5. 这个表达很适合写人物的醒悟、顿悟、反思和认知转变。

#### 易错提醒

1. **dawn on sb.** 强调“意识浮现出来”，不是普通知道。
2. 正确介词是 **on**，不是 **to**：
   * √ It dawned on me.
   * × It dawned to me.
3. 最常见结构是：
   * √ It dawned on me that …
   * √ The truth dawned on him.
   * × I dawned that …
4. **dawn on sb.** 的主语通常是 **it / truth / fact / realization**，不是人。
5. 在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：

   * truth
   * mistake
   * realization
   * consequence
   * seriousness
   * turning point
     连用。

#### 近义表达与区别

* **realize**
* **come to realize**
* **become aware of sth.**
* **it occurs to sb. that …**
* **the penny drops**

细微区别：

* **dawn on sb.** 最有画面感，强调“真相像天亮一样逐渐或突然浮现”。
* **realize** 最通用，表示“意识到”。
* **come to realize** 强调“逐渐意识到”。
* **become aware of sth.** 更正式，强调“开始察觉”。
* **it occurs to sb. that …** 强调“某个想法突然出现在脑中”。
* **the penny drops** 更口语，表示“终于明白了”。

:::

::: details 更多仿写练习

先判断句子是否真的需要表达“**某人突然意识到；某人渐渐明白；某事开始被某人察觉；真相在某人心中浮现出来**”，再动笔。每题先独立写一句，写完再展开答案；不必刻意使用生僻词。

请用 **dawn on sb.** 写一句话，描述以下内容：

1. **基础｜核心结构**：我突然意识到自己把钥匙忘在办公室了
2. **进阶｜具体情境**：他慢慢意识到，这个团队的问题不是能力，而是信任
3. **挑战｜完整表达**：直到失败之后，她才明白耐心的重要性

仿写提示：可参考以下开头

* It suddenly dawned on me that …
* It slowly dawned on him that …
* Only after the failure did it …
* The truth finally …

:::

::: details 查看参考答案

参考答案提供的是自然写法，不是唯一写法。先比较目标表达的结构和语义，再比较措辞；不要因为冠词或个别同义词不同就判定整句错误。

**1. 基础｜核心结构｜我突然意识到自己把钥匙忘在办公室了**

* It suddenly dawned on me that I had left my keys in the office.
* As I reached the door, it dawned on me that my keys were still at work.

**2. 进阶｜具体情境｜他慢慢意识到，这个团队的问题不是能力，而是信任**

* It slowly dawned on him that the team’s real problem was not ability, but trust.
* The truth gradually dawned on him: the team lacked trust more than talent.

**3. 挑战｜完整表达｜直到失败之后，她才明白耐心的重要性**

* Only after the failure did it dawn on her how important patience was.
* It finally dawned on her after the failure that patience mattered more than speed.

#### 自评标准（每题 5 分）

* **2 分｜结构**：目标表达的固定搭配完整，介词、动词形式和必要宾语正确；
* **1 分｜含义**：句子确实表达“某人突然意识到；某人渐渐明白；某事开始被某人察觉；真相在某人心中浮现出来”，不是只把中文逐词替换；
* **1 分｜语法**：主谓、时态、单复数和冠词不妨碍理解；
* **1 分｜语境**：有具体主体，原因、变化或结果清楚。

达到 **4 分**即可继续；3 分及以下时，参考范例重写一次，并大声读出修改后的句子。

:::

## 3. sb. would kill to do sth. / sb. would kill for sth.

核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述

::: info 一眼掌握

**核心含义：** 非常渴望做某事；梦寐以求某物；为了得到某物几乎愿意不惜一切；极其想要……

**English definition：** to want something so much that you would do almost anything to get it or do it

这个句型用来表示某人对某个机会、职位、生活条件、资源、外貌、能力或处境非常渴望，渴望到“几乎什么都愿意做”的程度。

:::

::: tip 普通表达 → 地道升级

* **普通表达：** Many actors strongly want to enter the film industry.
* **升级表达：** Many actors would kill to break into film.

:::

### 语境例句

城市与住房核心判断 → 补充解释 / 具体展开

> What looks like pressure to one person may look like privilege to another; some parents complain that their children work too hard, while others would kill to have access to the same schools, tutors, and opportunities.

主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。

迁移输出 · 保留 sb. would kill to do sth. / sb. would kill for sth.，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。

::: details 深入理解：用法、语法与易错点

#### 用法说明

这个句型用来表示某人对某个机会、职位、生活条件、资源、外貌、能力或处境非常渴望，渴望到“几乎什么都愿意做”的程度。

它的核心不是普通的 **want**，而是：

* 极度想要
* 非常羡慕
* 机会很难得
* 对某人来说很有吸引力
* 常带一点夸张、口语和情绪色彩

在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：

* actors who would kill to break into film
* graduates who would kill for a stable job
* young professionals who would kill for such an opportunity
* parents who would kill to have such a problem
* people who would kill for confidence, talent, freedom, or recognition

比如：

* Many actors would kill to get that role.
* Most young graduates would kill for a job like that.
* Some people would kill to have her confidence.

它不是字面“杀人”，而是一种夸张说法，意思接近中文里的“做梦都想”“求之不得”“羡慕死了”。语气偏口语，在写作中可以用，但要注意场景：适合评论、叙事、人物描写，不适合过于正式或严肃的学术表达。

#### 语境复现

基础句：

* Many actors would kill for that role.

提升句：

* Most graduates would kill to have a stable job in such an uncertain economy.

应用句：

* What looks like pressure to one person may look like privilege to another; some parents complain that their children work too hard, while others would kill to have access to the same schools, tutors, and opportunities.

#### 对应译文

* 许多演员都梦寐以求那个角色。
* 在这样不确定的经济环境中，大多数毕业生都会非常渴望拥有一份稳定工作。
* 对一个人来说像是压力的东西，对另一个人来说可能是特权；有些父母抱怨孩子学习太辛苦，而另一些人却梦寐以求能获得同样的学校、家教和机会。

#### 语法与搭配

常见结构：

* **sb. would kill to do sth.**
* **sb. would kill for sth.**
* **many people would kill for sth.**
* **somebody would kill to have sth.**
* **somebody would kill for the chance / opportunity to do sth.**

例如：

* She would kill to work for that company.
* Many young writers would kill for such exposure.
* He would kill to have her confidence.
* Most actors would kill for a role like that.
* Thousands of applicants would kill for the chance to study there.

常见形式：

* **would kill for a job**
* **would kill for a chance**
* **would kill for an opportunity**
* **would kill for that role**
* **would kill to be there**
* **would kill to have such problems**
* **would kill to work with sb.**

常见搭配对象：

* job
* role
* chance
* opportunity
* career
* lifestyle
* confidence
* talent
* freedom
* recognition
* access
* stability

说明：

1. **would kill to do sth.** 后面接动词原形：
   * **would kill to get the job**
2. **would kill for sth.** 后面接名词：
   * **would kill for that opportunity**
3. 这是夸张表达，不是字面意义。
4. 主语常是 **many people / most graduates / actors / parents / workers** 等群体。
5. 语气偏口语和评论性，正式论文里要慎用，但在人物叙事和社会评论中很有表现力。

#### 易错提醒

1. **would kill to do sth. / would kill for sth.** 是夸张说法，不是字面“杀人”。
2. 它语气偏口语，适合叙事、评论和人物描写，正式学术文体中不宜频繁使用。
3. 正确结构是：
   * √ would kill to get that job
   * √ would kill for that opportunity
   * √ would kill to have such problems
   * × would kill for get that job
4. **would kill for + 名词**，**would kill to + 动词原形**。
5. 在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：

   * opportunity
   * job
   * role
   * chance
   * career
   * access
   * recognition
     连用。

#### 近义表达与区别

* **dream of doing sth.**
* **long for sth.**
* **be desperate for sth.**
* **be eager to do sth.**
* **jump at the chance to do sth.**

细微区别：

* **would kill to do sth. / would kill for sth.** 最夸张、最口语，强调“极其渴望，几乎不惜一切”。
* **dream of doing sth.** 更温和，强调“梦想做某事”。
* **long for sth.** 更书面，强调“深切渴望”。
* **be desperate for sth.** 强调“非常迫切需要”，常带现实压力。
* **be eager to do sth.** 更中性，表示“渴望、急切想做”。
* **jump at the chance to do sth.** 强调“一有机会就立刻抓住”。

:::

::: details 更多仿写练习

先判断句子是否真的需要表达“**非常渴望做某事；梦寐以求某物；为了得到某物几乎愿意不惜一切；极其想要……**”，再动笔。每题先独立写一句，写完再展开答案；不必刻意使用生僻词。

请用 **would kill to do sth. / would kill for sth.** 写一句话，描述以下内容：

1. **基础｜核心结构**：许多年轻演员梦寐以求能得到这样的角色
2. **进阶｜具体情境**：在经济不稳定时期，很多毕业生都非常想要一份稳定工作
3. **挑战｜完整表达**：有些人抱怨压力太大，但另一些人却非常羡慕他们拥有的机会

仿写提示：可参考以下开头

* Many young actors would …
* In an uncertain economy, many graduates …
* Some people complain about …
* Others would kill …

:::

::: details 查看参考答案

参考答案提供的是自然写法，不是唯一写法。先比较目标表达的结构和语义，再比较措辞；不要因为冠词或个别同义词不同就判定整句错误。

**1. 基础｜核心结构｜许多年轻演员梦寐以求能得到这样的角色**

* Many young actors would kill for a role like this.
* Many young actors would kill to get such a role.

**2. 进阶｜具体情境｜在经济不稳定时期，很多毕业生都非常想要一份稳定工作**

* In an uncertain economy, many graduates would kill for a stable job.
* Many graduates would kill to find stable work in such a difficult job market.

**3. 挑战｜完整表达｜有些人抱怨压力太大，但另一些人却非常羡慕他们拥有的机会**

* Some people complain about pressure, while others would kill for the opportunities they have.
* What some students see as pressure, others would kill to have.

#### 自评标准（每题 5 分）

* **2 分｜结构**：目标表达的固定搭配完整，介词、动词形式和必要宾语正确；
* **1 分｜含义**：句子确实表达“非常渴望做某事；梦寐以求某物；为了得到某物几乎愿意不惜一切；极其想要……”，不是只把中文逐词替换；
* **1 分｜语法**：主谓、时态、单复数和冠词不妨碍理解；
* **1 分｜语境**：有具体主体，原因、变化或结果清楚。

达到 **4 分**即可继续；3 分及以下时，参考范例重写一次，并大声读出修改后的句子。

:::

## 本课小练习

先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。这里检查的是能否主动提取表达，不要求逐字复原；意思准确、结构完整即可。

1. 不看英文，用 **roller coaster** 翻译：他的人生一直跌宕起伏。
2. 不看英文，用 **dawn on sb.** 翻译：我突然意识到自己错了。
3. 不看英文，用 **sb. would kill to do sth. / sb. would kill for sth.** 翻译：许多演员都梦寐以求那个角色。

::: details 小练习参考

1. His life has been a roller coaster.
2. It suddenly dawned on me that I was wrong.
3. Many actors would kill for that role.

每题 **3 分**：目标表达结构完整 1 分，核心意思准确 1 分，句子语法通顺 1 分。达到 2 分即可通过；否则只重写错题。

:::

## 迁移写作

围绕“**挫折、恢复与心理韧性**”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 **80—120 词**的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。

写完后检查：

* 表达的含义是否准确；
* 搭配和语法是否完整；
* 正式程度是否符合语境；
* 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。

## 单元复盘

这是“挫折、恢复与心理韧性”单元的最后一课。不要重新通读笔记，先完成主动回忆：

1. 写出本单元你最想保留的 5 个表达；
2. 每个表达写一个与自己有关的句子；
3. 选择其中 3 个，写一段 120—150 词的短文；
4. 检查语义、搭配、语气和段落逻辑。

## 结束本课

回到本课“留住一个表达，写成自己的句子”：先遮住讲解写一句，核对后按回忆难度自评。FSRS 据此安排下次日期；到期时优先回忆和重写，再看讲解。