--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/49-through-the-tunnel.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Through the Tunnel。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 潜过隧道 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 He put on his goggles, fitted them tight, tested the vacuum. His hands were shaking. Then he chose the biggest stone he could carry and slipped over the edge of the rock until half of him was in the cool, enclosing water and half in the hot sun. He looked up once at the empty sky, filled his lungs once, twice, and then sank fast to the bottom with the stone. He let it go and began to count. He took the edges of the hole in his hands and drew himself into it, wriggling his shoulders in sideways as he remembered he must, kicking himself along with his feet. 中文理解：他戴上泳镜，把它扣紧，试了试镜片是否吸牢，又用颤抖的手选了一块自己能搬得动的最大的石头，然后顺着礁石边缘，往水中滑去。下半身已浸入冰冷的水中，而上半身还露在温暖的阳光里，他再一次向上望了望那浩渺的天空，然后吸足气，连同石块飞快地落入海底。他把石头扔掉，边数数边用手探着洞口，把身体往洞里挤。他记起了自己该怎么办，侧身，同时蹬水。 #### 1. He put on…fitted…tested… 并列句，主谓宾结构，后两句省略了主语he. 翻译的理解跟原文有些不一样，原文的状态可能是系牢了以后，把头放水中，看看是否漏气. #### 2. His hands were shaking. 简单句，主系表结构. #### 3. he chose the biggest stone and slipped over the edge until… 复合句，主句为两个主谓宾结构的并列句，until 引导的时间状语从句为主系表结构，其中and 后面的主系表结构省略了系动词was. \[1] 本短篇小说中文全文译本可参见https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/103848926 #### 4. He looked up at the empty sky, filled his lungs, and sank… 并列句，前两句为主谓宾结构，最后and 连接的句子为主谓结构，to，这里fast 修饰谓语动词sink，所以fast 作副词解，快速地下沉. #### 5. He let it go and began to count. 并列句，前句主谓宾+宾补结构，and 后句为省略了主语的主谓结构. #### 6. He took the edges and drew himself into it…as… 复合句，主句为and 连接的两个句子，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构，但是省略了主语. 后面wriggling…sideways 和kicking…feet 短语为伴随状语，其中as he remembered he must 为as 引导的方式状语从句，为主谓+宾语从句结构，he must 即为宾语从句，该从句省略了that. 译者在这里打散了原文的表达，重新予以了组织，文学翻译更像是再创作. ### 第2段 Soon he was clear inside. He was in a small rock-bound hole filled with yellowish-gray water. The water was pushing him up against the roof. The roof was sharp and pained his back. He pulled himself along with his hands —fast, fast— and used his legs as levers. His head knocked against something; a sharp pain dizzied him. Fifty, fifty-one, fifty-two… He was without light, and the water seemed to press upon him with the weight of rock. Seventy-one, seventy-two… There was no strain on his lungs. He felt like an inflated balloon, his lungs were so light and easy, but his head was pulsing. 中文理解：很快，他已经完全进入洞内，这是一个充满黄灰色水的小石洞。水的浮力使他的背压着洞顶，尖硬的石块刺痛了他的背。他只得把腿当杠杆，用手帮助身体移动。快，快 —！他的头不知碰着了什么，痛得他头发晕， 50，51，52，……他完全处于黑暗中，像是海水推着岩石在压迫着他。71，72，他并不感到气闷，反倒觉得自己像一只充满气的球，肺部也感到十分轻松自如，只是头上的脉搏跳得慌。 * **filled with**：装满 / 在某人看来；filled with 与 full of 的搭配要配对记，别混成 full with。 #### 1. he was clear. 简单句，主系表结构，此处翻译似乎有误，表语应为clear，而非inside，意思是主人公在洞里面看清楚了，很明白自己的处境，he was clear about the situation. 所以下一 句描述其所处的洞中是什么情况. 改译：他在洞中很快就看清楚了. #### 2. He was in a hole… 简单句，主系表结构. 后面是过去分词短语作定语修饰hole. #### 3. The water was pushing him up… 简单句，主谓宾+宾补结构. #### 4. The roof was sharp and pained his back. 并列句，以and 分为前后两句，前句为主系表结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓宾结构. 原文是洞顶很坚硬，刺痛了背，翻译做了理解，洞顶上坚硬的也是石块，所以在处理上，跟上一句一起来翻译. #### 5. He pulled himself and used his legs as levers. 并列句，以and 分为前后两句，前句主谓宾结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓宾+宾补结构，两个fast 为插入语. #### 6. His head knocked against something; a pain dizzied him. 并列句，以分号相连，两句均为简单句，均为主谓宾结构. dizzied 是dizzy 的过去分词，dizzy 在这里作动词解，常用作形容词. #### 7. He was without light, and the water seemed to press upon him… 并列句，以and 分为前后两句，前句为主系表结构，后句为主谓宾结构. 这里原文表达的意思是，海水以岩石的重量压迫着主人公. #### 8. There was no strain… there be 句型，主人公一直在憋气，憋到了70多下，肺部仍未感到压力，翻译写为气闷，非常精准. #### 9. He felt like a balloon, his lungs were light and easy, but his head was pulsing… 并列句，前两句为主系表结构，后一句为主谓结构，用的过去进行时. 首句feel like 在这里like 的用法可以理解为介词，后面接名词词性；口语中like 也可以看作连词，此时feel like 为as if 和as though 之意，在北美英语中常见，英式英语的正式写作中常优先选择 as if 或 as though，但 like 引导从句在非正式语体也可出现，不能简单定为错误用法. ### 第3段 He was being continually pressed against the sharp roof, which felt slimy as well as sharp. Again he thought of octopuses, and wondered if the tunnel might be filled with weed that could tangle him. He gave himself a panicky, convulsive kick forward, ducked his head, and swam. His feet and hands moved freely, as if in open water. The hole must have widened out. He thought he must be swimming fast, and he was frightened of banging his head if the tunnel narrowed. 中文理解：他继续被压挤在尖利的洞顶岩石上，那石头不但尖硬，而且粘糊糊的，使他又一次想起了章鱼，怀疑地道里布满了缠人的海藻，惊恐万分。他向前猛蹬，埋头向前划去，感到手脚还运动自如，像在露天游泳差不多。他害怕隧道一旦变窄，就会撞到头。他觉得自己一定游得很快。洞道一定已经变宽了。 * **as well as**：除了 / 以及；确认是在增加信息还是排除信息；apart from 要结合上下文。 * **filled with**：装满 / 在某人看来；filled with 与 full of 的搭配要配对记，别混成 full with。 * **as if**：以便或以致 / 尽管 / 即使 / 仿佛；先判断两部分的关系；even though 说已知情况，even if 常说假设。 #### 1. He was being pressed against the sharp roof, which… 复合句，主句主谓结构，带有一个against 的介词短语作状语，后跟一个which 引导的定语从句，修饰roof，说明该roof 的情况为何，为主系表结构. #### 2. he thought of octopuses, and wondered if…that… 并列复合句，以and 分为前后两句，前句为简单句，主谓宾结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓+宾语从句结构，if 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾结构，该宾语从句中还包含一个that 引导的定语从句修饰weed，定语从句为主谓宾结构. #### 3. He gave himself a kick, ducked his head, and swam. 并列句，三个主谓宾结构的句子并列，首句为双宾语结构，直接宾语为a kick，间接宾语为himself，后两句则省略了主语he. 单词convulsive 在(46.1.4)出现过，而duck 为动词，取躲闪之意. 译文中将panicky, convulsive 两词分成了前后两句来处理，原文的字面意思为带着恐惧而抽搐地一蹬，躲闪着头，向前游去. 这里描述的是人在恐惧中突然而痉挛似地向前蹬腿；原文没有说他必须慢慢蹬，也不能把这一段文学描写变成潜水操作建议。 #### 4. His feet and hands moved… 简单句，主谓结构. 这里open water 应指开阔的海面，也就是主人公本身不钻隧道的话，在海上游泳的感觉. #### 5. The hole must have widened out. 简单句，主谓结构. 译文将此句放在了段末. #### 6. He thought he…, and he was frightened of banging his head if… 并列复合句，本句以and 连接，前句为主谓+宾语从句结构，thought 后面为省略了that 的宾语从句，这里 he must be swimming 是“must + be doing”，表示根据当时情形推测他正在进行的动作，并非用进行时本身表达紧迫性，若换成 he must swim \[fast]，更容易理解为“他必须游快一点”的义务或要求，与对正在进行的动作作推测不同。 此外，be swimming in sth.则是另一个习惯表达，意味着某个东西很多，比如The company is swimming \[in cash]. 公司现金非常充裕. and 后句则为主谓宾结构+一个if 引导的条件状语从句，该从句为主谓结构. \[本版有所修改] ### 第4段 A hundred, a hundred and one… The water paled. Victory filled him. His lungs were beginning to hurt. A few more strokes and he would be out. He was counting wildly; he said a hundred and fifteen and then, a long time later, a hundred and fifteen again. The water was a clear jewel-green all around him. Then he saw, above his head, a crack running up through the rock. Sunlight was falling through it, showing the clean dark rock of the tunnel, a single mussel shell, and darkness ahead. 中文理解：100、101……水的颜色淡了些，他心中充满了临近胜利的喜悦，只是肺部开始痛起来。再划几下他就可以出去了，他发狂地数着。他数到115，然而，过了很久，还是115。 他身边的水变成了透明的绿色，宝石一般。一线亮光从他头顶上的一条线隙中射进来，照着地道里清晰可见的黑礁石、一只孤零零的贻贝壳，还有那岩洞深处的黑暗。 * **a long time**：形容词与名词一起理解；先结合这句确定是在评价位置、距离还是经历，不把 good 一律换成中文“好”。 #### 1. The water paled. 简单句，主谓结构. #### 2. Victory filled him. 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 3. His lungs were beginning to hurt. 简单句，主谓宾结构，动词不定式作宾语. #### 4. he would be out. 简单句，主系表结构. #### 5. He was counting…; he said… 并列句，以分号相连，前句主谓结构，后句主谓宾结构，这里是又数了一次115. #### 6. The water was a clear jewel-green… 简单句，主系表结构，表语就是一种颜色，翻译中将jewel 处理为宝石一般的后置定语，非常巧妙. all around him 为介词短语作后置定语. #### 7. he saw a crack… 简单句，主系表结构，后面是现在分词短语作后置定语. #### 8. Sunlight was falling through it… 简单句，主谓宾结构，it 指上句的crack，缝隙. 后面是伴随状语，mussel 即青口. 从(49.5.4)句的ahead 可知，此句的ahead 亦是指洞口，光亮照进来，周边仍是黑暗，而非指洞的深处. ### 第5段 He was at the end of what he could do. He looked up at the crack as if it were filled with air and not water, as if he could put his mouth to it to draw in air. A hundred and fifteen, he heard himself say inside his head — but he had said that long ago. He must go on into the blackness ahead, or he would drown. His head was swelling, his lungs cracking. A hundred and fifteen, a hundred and fifteen pounded through his head, and he feebly clutched at rocks in the dark, pulling himself forward, leaving the brief space of sunlit water behind. He felt he was dying. He was no longer quite conscious. He struggled on in the darkness between lapses into unconsciousness. An immense, swelling pain filled his head, and then the darkness cracked with an explosion of green light. His hands, groping forward, met nothing; and his feet, kicking back, propelled him out into the open sea. 中文理解：他的力气即将耗尽。朝上看，他仿佛看到那条岩缝里充满了空气、而不是水，好象能把嘴伸到那儿去吸气。他心里数着 115—很久以前就是数的这个数。他必须继续朝黑暗中前进，否则会被淹死的。“115，” 这个数字反复在他脑中闪现。他头发胀，肺象要裂开，手虚弱地在黑暗中攫住石头，把自己往前推。岩缝中泄进来的那一线阳光终于被他抛到了后头，但他却感到自己正在死去，他的意识已经不那么清楚了，一步、一步、堕入昏迷的黑暗里。他在昏迷中挣扎， 头也剧痛起来。然而，正在这时，一道绿光突然划破了黑暗， 他向前探寻的手再也摸不到任何东西。脚往后一蹬，终于把自己推到了开阔的海水中。 * **at the end of**：发信号或消息 / 在……结束时 / 日夜；at the end of 明确某个末尾；in the end 总结最终结果。 * **as if**：以便或以致 / 尽管 / 即使 / 仿佛；先判断两部分的关系；even though 说已知情况，even if 常说假设。 * **filled with**：装满 / 在某人看来；filled with 与 full of 的搭配要配对记，别混成 full with。 * **no longer**：不再；这类否定常标记故事或观点的变化，复述时不能漏掉。 #### 1. He was at the end… 简单句，主系表结构. 后面of 引导的定语中，what 引导的从句作介词of 的宾语，属于成分中的细分，what he could do 是融合关系从句，作 of 的宾语；what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，其后 he could do 仍是正常陈述语序，不属于主谓倒装. #### 2. He looked up… as if…, as if… 复合句，主句主谓结构，at 引导介词短语作状语，后跟两个as if 引导的方式状语 从句，常用虚拟语气，两句均为主谓宾结构，第二句跟了两个状语，分别表对象和目的. #### 3. he heard himself say…but he had said that… 并列句，以but 连接，首句为主谓宾+宾补结构，句首的115其实是补语say 的宾语；后句则是主谓宾结构. 这里that 是代词作宾语，并非引导宾语从句那种引导词. #### 4. He must go on…, or he would drown. 并列句，两句均为主谓结构. #### 5. His head was swelling, (and) his lungs were cracking. 并列句，两句均为主系表结构，因后句省略了系动词were，所以后句不算完整的句子，可以用逗号，否则要么在逗号后面加and，要么将逗号改为分号. 本句的翻译在顺序上有所调整. #### 6. a hundred and fifteen pounded through his head, and he clutched… 并列句，and 连接，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓结构. 后句后面跟了两个分词短语作伴随状语. #### 7. He felt (that) he was dying. 复合句，主句主系+表语从句结构，从句则为主谓结构. #### 8. He was conscious. 简单句，主系表结构. #### 9. He struggled on… 简单句，主谓结构. #### 10. An immense, swelling pain filled his head, and the darkness cracked. 并列句，两句均为主谓（宾）结构. #### 11. His hands met nothing; and his feet propelled him out… 并列句，以分号相连，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构. 两个分词短语均作后置定语. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第235—241页，2022年2月第2版。*