--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/34-adolescence.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Adolescence。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 青春期 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. 中文理解：当家长听到孩子赞扬他们朋友家的情况时，总感到烦恼，并认为这是孩子在嫌弃自己的饭菜不够美味、卫生不够干净，或者家具不够高档。而且家长常常愚蠢地当着孩子的面生气。他们甚至会责备孩子不喜欢自己家，或者讲些孩子朋友的家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的做法让处于青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心从今以后再也不告诉父母去过哪里以及见过谁。不会太久,家长就会抱怨孩子如此神秘，什么事都不跟他们说，殊不知这是他们自找的。 #### 1. Parents are upset… and regard…, and are foolish… 复合句，两个and 连接的三个句子，其中一二句为一个层面，第三句为第二个层面. 第一个and 后面regard 的主语同样是parents. 第一二句的主句分别为主系表结构和主谓宾+宾补结构，when 引导的时间状语从句为主谓宾结构. their children 的their 指parents，紧跟着的of their friends 的their 指 children，而regard it 的it 指上面孩子赞扬孩子的朋友家的情况这件事，而their own cooking 的their 指parents. as a slur…为宾语补足语，补充说明赞扬别人家是对自己的侮辱. 第三句为主系表结构，省略了主语，to let the adolescents…为目的状语，该状语中包含了一个子成分，see that they are annoyed，可以不予分析. #### 2. They may accuse… or make… 并列句，or 连接了两个简单句，均为主谓宾结构. accuse sb. of sth. 这里是双宾语结构. #### 3. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior shocks the adolescents, and makes them… 并列句，以and 连接，前句比较简单，主谓宾结构，唯独主语很长，on the part of the adults 作定语缩小家长的范围，是这种有失身份以及孩子气的行为震惊了孩子们. 后句make sb. do 的结构，resolve…visit 是宾语补足语，them 指孩子，只不过这个宾语补足语中可以理解成含有一个that 引导的宾语从句，they will not talk to their parents…，最后they visit 其实是一个定语从句，主谓结构，修饰people. #### 4. The parents will be complaining that the child is… and tells…, but they realize… 并列复合句，以but 连接，前句为主谓+宾语从句结构，that 引导的宾语从句的主语是the child，后面一个是主系表结构，一个是主谓宾结构，tells 是该宾语从句主谓宾分句的谓语. but 后句也是主谓+宾语从句结构，that 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾+宾补结构. ### 第2段 Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. 中文理解：无论父母作为家长或作为独立个体有多么优秀、称职，孩子对父母的理想化认识在一定程度上破灭，都是不可避免的。除了父母自身不能令人满意的情况外，大多数孩子还是对父母抱有很高的期望，以致于这种期望脱离了实际的评价。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，以及意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响的话，那么家长定会大为震惊并深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这标志着孩子们正在成长，而且正在培养宝贵的观察力和独立判断力的话，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。 * **therefore**：因此；结果；结果必须由前文支撑；它不是让论述显得高级的装饰词。 #### 1. Disillusionment is inevitable… 复合句，主句是主系表结构，并不复杂，只不过在这中间，有一个however 引导的让步状语从句. 该让步状语从句中，有一个倒装结构，还原之后是they may be good and adequate both as… #### 2. Most children have ideal… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，该句是such…that 结构，与so…that 一样，that 在句中不作成分，引导结果状语从句. 该句遵从了语法规范such + a +（形容词+) 单数名词 + that… 该句中还含有一个unless 引导的条件状语从句，为主系表结构，该从句中， themselves 可以看成是the parents 的同位语. #### 3. Parents would be surprised and touched if… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，主句中and 连接了两个系动词. 从句为if 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓+宾语从句结构，realized 后面接两个由 how much 引出的宾语从句，分别表示孩子对父母有多么信任，以及这种信任对孩子有多么重要。这里不需要另补 that。 两个 how much 分别引出“有多么深的信任”和“有多么重要”的程度含义。其后主语均在谓语前，属于从句的正常陈述语序，不是主谓倒装；把疑问或程度成分放到从句开头，也不等于倒装。 #### 4. If…, they would…and would… 复合句，主句是and 连接的主系表和主谓宾两个句子组成的复合句. if 引导的条件状语从句中were prepared for 和realized 均为parents 的谓语，而 realized 后面跟了一个that 引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又有一个that 引导的同位语从句修饰sign. 该从句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气. (2.1.3) ### 第3段 The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. 中文理解：青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知，甚至承认自己做得不公平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的。 孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的就是不肯承认。 #### 1. The adolescent respects a parent who… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，who 引导的定语从句修饰a parent，该定语从句中包含两个that 引导的宾语从句，两个宾语从句由第二个or 连接，第一个or 只不过是连接两个表语wrong 和ignorant，同样，第三个or 也是连接两个表语unfair 和unjust. #### 2. What the child cannot forgive is…if… 复合句，What the child cannot forgive 整体作主语；what 在该从句中作 forgive 的宾语，从句内部仍是 the child cannot forgive 的陈述语序。这里不是主谓倒装，what 的位置由融合关系从句结构决定。 该主语从句作主句的主语，主句是主系表结构，to admit 动词不定式作定语修饰 refusal. if 引导的条件状语从句中，含有一个宾语补足语，them 指the child. ### 第4段 Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment. 中文理解：维多利亚时代的父母相信，依靠无理由的权威态度可以维护其尊严；实际上这样根本就没用。孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道孩子的真实想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方的态度都比较端正。遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管当时可能会有些痛苦。 * **at the moment**：目前 / 像往常一样 / 此刻；时间范围不同；这些词帮助交代背景，不单独决定时态。 #### 1. Victorian parents believed that…; they did…, but children were… 复合句，分号前面是一个独立的句子，为主谓+宾语从句，该句中含有一个that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中by…attitude 是方式状语，是一个成分，非状语从句. 分号后面，but 连接了两个完整的句子，表转折. but 后面这句有too…to 结构，cowed 为过去分词作表语，后一个to 是动词不定式作原因状语，作解释说明因为太怕了，所以不愿意告诉家长. 一般来说too 在这种 too…to 的结构中常常是more than enough 的意思，如果是这样，则后面的to 不定式作结果状语. 该原因状语中，know 是不带to 的不定式，let sb. know，而know 后面带了一个可以理解成宾语的成分，只不过这个宾语是一个句子，how they really felt 是表示“他们真实感受如何”的宾语从句，采用正常陈述语序，并非倒装结构. #### 2. We tend to go…, but this is… 并列句，but 连接的两个句子，前句为主谓结构，后句为主系表结构. #### 3. It is…to… 复合句，to face up to reality 不定式作真正的主语，前面的it 是形式主语. 后面however 引导的让步状语从句，倒装结构，还原为it may be painful… ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第144—148页，2022年2月第2版。*