--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/28-patients-and-doctors.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Patients and Doctors。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 医患 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 This is a skeptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them. 中文理解：这个时代怀疑一切，可是尽管我们对我们祖辈所深信的许多事物已有所动摇，我们对瓶装药的疗效却仍如祖辈那般信心满满。对药物（疗效）的这一现代信仰，从医疗系统那攀至天文数字的年度药费，且现阶段毫无停止上涨迹象的事实中可以得到证明。前往医院门诊部就医的大多数患者觉得，要是不能开些看得见、摸得着的药物，比如一瓶药水，一盒药片，或者一小瓶药膏带回家的话，就不算看好病了。 负责门诊部的医生也非常乐意满足患者的要求。患者想要开什么药，就给什么，没有比这样更快的坐诊方法了。因为医疗系统旗下的大多数医生均超负荷工作，没有多少时间就诸如注意饮食、生活规律，以及需要克服坏习惯等等提出一些既费时又不讨好的医嘱，使得患者几乎总能开到瓶装、盒装，或者罐装药。 * **at present**：目前 / 像往常一样 / 此刻；时间范围不同；这些词帮助交代背景，不单独决定时态。 * **are able to**：能够 / 无法；结合时间判断是一般能力还是某次实际做到；unable 带否定。 * **asking for**：请求 / 作为回报；ask for 请求一件东西；ask someone to do 请求某人做某事。 #### 1. Our faith has weakened, our confidence remains… 复合句，in which 为介词短语作定语修饰之前的定语many of the things，可以理解成Our forefathers believed in many of the things. sceptical 为英式拼法，美式为skeptical. 为避免重复，该句分别使用了faith, believe 和confidence 三词来表达人们相信某事物有效之类的意思. property 最常用的意思是地产、财物，而在这里，表达性能. The same…as…中，as 引导定语从句，动词可以省略，完整句子为as their confidence remains. as 在定语从句中充当宾语. (2.2.1) #### 2. This faith is proved by the fact... 复合句，主句为主谓结构，fact 后面接that 引导的同位语从句，本句中保留 that 可以清楚标明 fact 的具体内容；不能把这种常见保留用法扩大成所有语境下都绝对不能省略的规则. 同位语从句中主干为bill is mounting and shows no signs.句中and 连接该从句中主语bill 的两个谓语. Health Service 应指The National Health Service (NHS)，是英国财政系统负担的公众健康服务体系，这里的药费显然是指整个医疗系统的药费，包括该系统旗下的医院、诊所等，并非所谓的卫生部门本身. #### 3. Patients feel that they …, and the doctor is… 并列复合句，以and 分为前后两句，前句主句为主谓+宾语从句结构. feel 在这里表示“认为、觉得”，后面是 that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中含unless 引导的条件状语从句，该条件状语从句一直到ointment. 后句为主谓宾结构. attending the medical 分词短语作定语. in charge of 为介词短语作定语修饰doctor. #### 4. There is…, and since…, the bottle, the box, and the jar are granted them…. 并列复合句，第一个and 所连接的两个句子为第一层级，第二个and 为第二句中连接两个谓语之用. 第一句there is 句中含有一个than 引导的比较状语，并非从句，只不过该状语中又含有一个by 引导的方式状语，by 引导的方式状语中含有一个what 引导的宾语从句可以看作是give 的宾语. 第二句中，since 引导原因状语从句，交待医生超时工作，也没有时间就健康生活提供意见，have little time for … on sth. 意思是没时间就什么内容来做什么，该谓语have 的主语省略了，主语是前面medical men. for 后面一长串是目的状语，再接着两个后置定语，on the subjects 修饰advice，然后as 所带的后置定语修饰subjects. 这里的参考译文请仔细理解，原教材中的翻译没有理解清楚. granted them 意思类似于be allowed to them，药品是被开给患者的. ### 第2段 Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors—to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves. 中文理解：并不只是那些无知和没受过良好教育的人才会迷信药瓶子。据说托马斯·卡莱尔有过这么一件事：他听说朋友亨利·泰勒病了，就立刻跑去看他，顺手往衣服兜里装上了一瓶他妻子不舒服时吃剩的药。卡莱尔对于衣兜里的药瓶所装的药，对于他朋友所得的病，以及对于妻子以前得了什么病，完全是一问三不知。只知道一种药对一种病有好处，肯定对另一种病也会有好处。想到能对朋友有所帮助，他感到很欣慰，于是急急忙忙来到了亨利·泰勒的家里。他的朋友是否接受了他的医疗帮助，历史没有记载，但很可能接受了。服药治病的最大优点是：除了暂时忍受一下令人作呕的味道外，对患者别无其他要求。这也正是患者对医生的要求— —病要治好，但别麻烦。 * **whether**：不仅 / 两者都不 / 是否；找齐成对结构的两端；不是看见 not only 就一律倒装。 #### 1. Is it…who… 该句为it is…who 的强调句，且采用了否定疑问句形式，把 is 放在主语 it 之前；这是疑问语序，不是因否定词前置而产生的倒装. #### 2. It is…that… 复合句. 该句it 作形式主语，而后面有一个that 引导的主语从句作为真正主语. 主语从句中，先是一个when 引导的时间状语从句为主谓宾结构，后面的主句he went off…中carrying 接了个伴随状语直到句末，而该伴随状语中，包含了一个what 引导的从句作carrying 的宾语，这个属于某一句子成分里面包含从句，该宾语从句为主谓宾结构，因该宾语从句也到句末，所以语法符号先画了一部分单横线，再接双横线，表示宾语从句属于该主语从句. prescribed…Mrs. Carlyle’s 作定语，修饰medicine，最后一个单词是名词的所属格，代表卡莱尔夫人的病. #### 3. Carlyle was ignorant of…, but a medicine would be…, he hastened to… 并列复合句，全句以but 连接，but 前的主句为主谓+宾语从句结构，be ignorant of 动词短语作谓语，后面接了三个of 引导的宾语和宾语从句，其中第一个of 后面是what 引导的宾语从句，为主谓结构；第二个of 的句子中，the nature 作宾语，由from which 引导的定语从句修饰，which 在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词宾语，这里的介词from 不能丢掉，因为suffer 在这里作不及物动词，需要from 来把意思表达完整，而且介词总是放在关系代词which 的前面，但有的则放在它原来的位置，该定语从句为主谓宾结构；第三个of 也是what 引导的宾语从句，为主系表结构. but 后的句子为并列句，以and 相连，and 前句为主系表结构，a medicine 后面有一个that 引导的定语从句修饰，该定语从句为主谓结构. and 后句的主句为主谓宾结构，而comforted…friend 是过去分词短语作原因状语，解释说明赶去朋友家的原因，这只是一个状语，而该状语中包含了一个定语从句，主谓结构. #### 4. History relate…, but he did. 并列复合句，以but 相连，前句为主谓+whether 引导的宾语从句，whether 表示“是否”，不需要再补 that，该从句为主谓宾结构，but 后句为主谓结构. #### 5. The advantage is that…, and that is what… 并列复合句，and 引导的两个复合句，前句为主系+ that 引导的表语从句结构，表语从句为主谓宾结构，该表语从句中beyond that 的that 指demand，要求. 后半句是主谓+what 引导的表语从句结构，表语从句为主谓宾结构，而破折号后面的成分可以直接看作表语. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第113—116页，2022年2月第2版。*