--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/27-the-vasa.md description: 新概念英语第四册：The "Vasa" “。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 瓦萨”号 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet. 中文理解：1628年，一艘大帆船在处女航时就沉没了，这个从17世纪瑞典帝国流传至今的故事，无疑是航海史上最离奇的事件之一。这艘大船在斯德哥尔摩港口的海底躺了将近3个半世纪之后，直到1956年才被发现。 这就是“瓦萨”号，帝国大舰队的皇家旗舰。 #### 1. The story must be… 复合句，主句主系表结构，其中包含一个that 引导的定语从句修饰galleon. #### 2. She lay… 简单句，主谓结构，其中有一些状语. #### 3. This was the Vasa… 简单句，royal…fleet 是同位语，这个同位语的结构含有一个of…fleet 作flagship 的定语. ### 第2段 King Gustavus Adolphus, "The Northern Hurricane", then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden. 中文理解：当时，有“北方飓风”之称的国王古斯夫斯·阿道尔弗正处于“三十年战争”的军事鼎盛阶段。他钦定了这艘船的规模和武器配备。3层的火炮甲板上装着64门青铜加农炮，旨在于不断增强的瑞典威力中起主导作用。 * **play a leading role**：基于 / 不考虑 / 发挥主导作用；先找依据、被忽视的对象或作用所在，避免只堆词组。 #### 1. King Gustavus Adolphus had dictated measurements and armament. 简单句，主谓宾结构. 30年战争：17世纪1618-1648年，充满着宗教色彩的多国混战，基督新教和天主教产生了激烈的冲突. 关于宗教的分支，随着西方文明史的发展，宗教也越来越细，倒更像是随着人类生活的变化，而反映人们新的精神需求. 关于宗教话题，可以阅读马克斯·韦伯的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》. #### 2. Gun-decks mounted cannon. 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 3. She was intended to play a role… 简单句，主谓宾结构，这里是被动语态，大帆船是被寄予厚望，要去起主导作用的. ### 第3段 As she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day. 中文理解：1628年8月10日，在“瓦萨”号准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩全城欢腾。人们从斯开波斯布朗和周围的岛屿前来观看这艘杰作扬帆起航，乘风破浪。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成这件漂浮的工艺品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，都装饰得更富丽堂皇。在船尾高耸的船楼上，雕满了令人目不暇接的神仙、妖魔、骑士、国王、武士、美人鱼和小天使；为了激发当年迷信的水手们的想像，绘制了闪耀着红色、金色和蓝色的动物形象，以及代表着勇气、力量和残暴的图案。 #### 1. As she was prepared for…, Stockholm was in a ferment… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，而as 引导了时间状语从句，为主谓宾结构，as 在这里表示“当……时、随着……”，突出两个情景同时展开；when 也能引出时间关系，不能按中文“在……时／当……时”来机械区分两者。 #### 2. The people watched this thing… 简单句，from 带了个地点状语，后面主句是主谓宾+宾补的结构，感官动词watch 后面的begin 是不带to 的不定式，作宾语补足语，就this thing 来作补充说明. #### 3. They had laboured…; she was carved and ornamented… 并列句，以分号相连，均为主谓结构. to produce…art 目的状语. 分号后面另起一句，被动语态，还原是sb. carved and ornamented her. 最后是than 引导的比较状语. #### 4. castle was…; and shapes, symbols were portrayed… 并列句，分号前是典型的主系表结构，没有难点，需要注意stern，船尾，教材翻译漏掉了. 后面这句是一个难句，教材翻译错误. 这里是shapes 和symbols 这两个同层次的名词作主语，主谓结构. 这里其实在symbols 前面加一个and 会显得较为合理，但因为分号后面已经用了一个and 了，这里两个名词主语就干脆用逗号隔开，免得太长了. 不要把symbols of…cruelty 理解成同位语，不是这样用的. ### 第4段 Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in their breeze, and the red and gold of her super structure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them. 中文理解：这时，停泊在港口的其他战船向“瓦萨” 号鸣炮致礼，“瓦萨”号也鸣炮回礼。当“瓦萨” 号从弥漫的礼炮烟云中出现时，船头下浪花四溅，舰旗迎风招展，三角旗随风飘扬，微风鼓起风帆，金碧辉煌的船楼闪耀着灿烂的色彩。 “瓦萨”号展现的壮观景象是斯德哥尔摩人前所未见的。船身的炮眼大开，炮口虎视眈眈地向外窥视。 #### 1. The cannons thundered a salute… 复合句，主句是主谓宾结构，后面跟to which 作介词宾语所引导的定语从句，为主谓宾结构，修饰salute. #### 2. As she emerged…, she presented spectacle… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，主句中含有一个than 引导的比较状语从句，为主谓 结构. as 引导了时间状语从句，只不过该从句中包含了数个独立主格结构. 这些伴随结构可按“with + 名词 + 分词或形容词短语”理解：with the water churned…、her flags flying…、pennants waving…、sails filling…，以及 the red and gold…ablaze with colour。后几项可以看成承接首项 with 的并列补充。with 结构内部使用非谓语或形容词，不能一面保留 with，一面再插入 was/were 构成所谓“还原”；若改成完整分句，才需要同时去掉 with 并补上系动词或助动词。 with 所带的独立主格有较多的形式，建议阅读语法书籍非谓语动词的内容，可以视为状语，这样比较好理解. 这里是with+n.+(v-ed./v-ing./adj.)，如教材中所说，在这里作方式状语. (12.1.2) #### 3. Gun-ports were open and muzzles peeped… 并列句，以and 连接，前句为主系表结构，后句为主谓结构. ### 第5段 As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying—in the harbour of her birth. 中文理解：当风力增强时，突然刮来一阵大风，“瓦萨”号奇怪地摇晃了一下，便向左舷倾斜。炮长命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上来,以抵消船体的倾斜，但甲板倾斜程度不减反增。当货物、压舱物、弹药和 400名水手滑向严重倾斜的左舷时，岸上的观众听到了雷鸣般的轰响。下层炮眼已淹没在水里，涌进船舱的水流注定了“瓦萨”号的厄运。就这样，本想统治波罗的海的无敌战舰 “瓦萨”号，在它壮丽的起航时刻，船上飘扬的彩旗随着战舰一同沉没于所诞生的港口。 #### 1. There came a sudden squall and the ship made a movement… 并列复合句，主句为there be 句型的延伸，there come，后句由and 连接，是主谓宾结构. as…freshened 引导时间状语从句，为主谓结构. listing to port 作结果状语，把风吹而导致倾斜写清楚了，用法上倒是伴随状语的用法，对于状语的具体名称可以淡化，目的是了解清楚句子所表达的意思. #### 2. The Ordnance Officer ordered…but the steepening angle increased. but 连接的两个并列句，前句是主谓宾宾补，后面to…list 是目的状语. 后句是主谓结构. #### 3. The sound reached the watchers…, as… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面是时间状语从句，as 状语从句中，to the port side 作状语，表went 的方向，go + -ing 在这里描写货物等滑落、轰然跌下的运动过程，sliding 和 crashing 是现在分词形式，不是作名词使用的动名词；went 承担过去时，并与这些分词共同构成动作描写，否则可改写为cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people slid and crashed down... #### 4. Gun-ports were below water and the inrush sealed fate. and 引导的并列句，前句主系表，后句主谓宾. #### 5. The mighty Vasa sank… 复合句，which 引导的定语从句修饰vasa，这里像是讽刺，把造船时的壮志雄心与出师未捷放到一起对比. with all flags flying 独立主格结构，上段讲过该结构了，这里是with+n.+(v-ed./v-ing./adj.)的v-ing 的形式，同样是作状语. 理解成方式状语或者伴随状语都可以，体现出战舰连同着飘扬的彩旗一起沉入了海底. “当一艘船沉入海底”，这种出师未捷的失落感就反衬出来了. (12.1.2) 破折号后面是地点状语，强调尚未启航，还在港口. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第108—112页，2022年2月第2版。*