--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/23-bird-flight.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Bird Flight。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 鸟类的飞行方式 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 No two sorts of birds practice quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition. 中文理解：没有哪两种鸟拥有相同的飞行方式。 鸟类的飞行方式千差万别，但大体上可分为两类。 任何一艘横渡太平洋的轮船，都会有小信天翁伴随着飞几天。 随船飞一个小时也可能见不到它扇动一下翅膀。 沿船体上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。 信天翁是鸟类滑翔飞行之王，滑翔类别的鸟可以自如地驾驭空气，但必须顺气流而飞。 * **as well as**：除了 / 以及；确认是在增加信息还是排除信息；apart from 要结合上下文。 #### 1. two sorts of birds practice the same…; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be seen… 并列句，以分号分成了三句. 第一句主谓宾结构，第二句主系表结构，第三句主谓结构. 其中 practice 作动词，美式英语通常拼作 practice，英式英语通常拼作 practise，这里可以理解为to do sth. regularly as part of your normal behaviour，即鸟类通常具有怎样的飞行习惯，在这里翻译成拥有怎样的飞行方式即可. \[本版有所修订.] #### 2. Any ship is accompanied…that…which… 复合句，主句为主谓结构，主语由that 引导的定语从句修饰，后面跟which 引导的定语从句修饰信天翁albatross，两个定语从句均为主谓宾结构. without 接的方式状语里面，我对其中的结构作了细分，将修饰movement 的定语标记了出来. #### 3. The currents are enough… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，主语由that 引导的定语从句修饰，该从句包括向上和向前两个方面. 后面跟一个目的状语. #### 4. The albatross is the king…which…but must… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，表语有一个同位语作说明，并由which 引导的定语从句修饰这一类的鸟. yield to the air’s opposition 是受制于相反的方向，即必须顺气流方向. ### 第2段 In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has "conquered" the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. 中文理解：另一类飞行方式的鸟中，野鸭为翘楚。 此类方式更近乎于发动机，人类亦吹嘘自己“征服”了空气。 野鸭及与它们相似的鸽子生而具备钢铁般的肌肉，占了很大一部分体重。 这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀，使得该类鸟能逆风飞很远才会疲劳。 比野鸭和鸽子更次的鸟，如鹧鸪，也有相似的巨大推动力，只是极易疲劳。 如果海风驱使它们长距离飞行，你有可能捡到一些实在飞不动的鹧鸪。 #### 1. the duck is supreme. 简单句，主句为主系表结构，school 指流派、学派，这里是前文所分两类方式的类别之意. #### 2. It comes nearer to the engines with… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面是定语从句修饰engines. #### 3. Duck…are endowed with steel-like muscles…and these will ply the short wings… 并列复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，中间是非限制性定语从句，该定语从句为主系表结构. 非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句那么密切，即使将该从句删去，也不影响全句的意思. 只不过这里在语法上应用which，此处用that 算一个小错误. and 后面这句为主谓宾结构，包含such…that 结果状语从句，该结果状语从句中，包含一个before 引导的时间状语从句，两个状语从句均为主谓结构. #### 4. Their humbler followers have a like power but tire… 并列句，第一句为主谓宾结构，but 后面是第二句，省略了主语的主谓结构. #### 5. You may pick them up…if… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面是if 引导的条件状语从句，同样为主谓宾结构. ### 第3段 The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning. 中文理解：燕子完美结合两类飞行方式的优点。 它既不疲劳，也不炫耀强健的飞行能力；它与天空融为一体，可以飞行6,000英里往返于北方的巢窝；在飞行中，顺道喂养已学会飞的小燕，甚至在逆风时也能于气流中滑翔，气流似乎在帮它前进。 这些鸟对我们有益，虽然我们不再从它们的飞行行为来占卜吉凶，连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼，祝它早安了。 * **no longer**：不再；这类否定常标记故事或观点的变化，复述时不能漏掉。 #### 1. The swallow shares the virtues… 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 2. It tires not nor does it boast of its power; but it may be travelling… 并列复合句，首句为倒装否定句；but 后为主系表结构，穿插一些状语和从句， belongs to 省略了主语it, 整体还原一下会比较好理解： but it belongs to…, it may be travelling six…home, as it flies feeding…young, and slipping… 将as it flies 从feeding 前面放到feeding 和slipping 中间，使得这两个伴随状语更 为平衡. 最后是that 引导的定语从句修饰medium. #### 3. birds do us good though…and the most superstitious villagers take off their hats…and wish… 并列句，and even 为界，分为前后两句，有递进关系. 第一句主句为主谓宾形式，双宾语，though 引导的让步状语从句为主谓结构，on this side and that (side)，应指飞行的行为，包括依据鸟的飞行方向来作为吉凶的预测，比如东南吉位，那么村民们等着看接下来飞来的鸟是否往这个方位飞去，或者根据鸟出现在你的什么方向来作判断，而并非所谓的根据鸟的飞行姿态/方式来占卜. 第二句为主谓结构，两个谓语由and 连接. 递进一层，则本身鸟的品种有不同的寓意，喜鹊为吉，乌鸦为凶. 所以这段话其实跟鸟的飞行方式反而是无关的，这段文字只是一本书中节选的一小部分内容，标题为编者所加，并非需要如作文一般进行点题. 为确保理解无误，我查询了英文维基，有条目鸟相学(ornithomancy / augury)，可供参考. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第92—95页，2022年2月第2版。*