--- url: >- https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/21-william-s-hart-and-the-early-western-film.md description: >- 新概念英语第四册：William S. Hart and the Early "Western" Film。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # William S. Hart and the Early "Western" Film ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment. 中文理解：威廉·S·哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他不同于加里·库珀和约翰·韦恩，他只演西部电影。从 1914年到1924年，他的表演首屈一指，地位不可撼动。西部电影的基调，以及他所扮演的主人公形象，正是哈特所创造和所塑造的。被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔，或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。总之，主人公不仅自相矛盾，还与他所处的开拓国土的大环境相悖。 * **nothing but**：远非 / 只是 / 绝非；特别注意 anything but 带否定含义，nothing but 通常表示只有。 #### 1. William S. Hart was the greatest of all Western stars for he appeared… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，后有一个for 引导的原因状语从句，主谓结构. William Surrey Hart (1864-1946). (American stage and silent motion-picture) actor, (who was the leading hero (of the early westerns).) \[https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-S-Hart] Gary Cooper (1901-1961)，John Wayne (1907-1979)均为美国著名男演员. #### 2. he was supreme and unchallenged. 简单句，主系表结构. #### 3. Hart created the basic formula of the Western film and devised the protagonist…; the individual… 复合句，主句为强调句，对Hart 进行了强调，然后是简单的主谓宾并列结构. he played 和he made 均为主谓结构的定语从句. 后面一连串均为protagonist 的同位语. 其中the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip 中，suspect 为形容词，表示“受到怀疑的”，不是表示某人心怀疑虑的 suspicious。该句可改写为the sheriff who has been made suspect by vicious gossip. 分号后面是省略句，把系动词is 省略了. 还原为the individual is in conflict with himself and is also conflict with his frontier environment. 这里的frontier environment 有特定时代背景，即American frontier 美国边境线，主要指美国领土向西不断扩张的历史过程，美国的西进运动，The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression (of life) \[in the forward wave] (of American expansion) (that began with English colonial settlements) \[in the early 17th century] and (ended with the admission) (of the last remaining western territories as states in 1959). 是指美国领土扩张时期，美国西部的地理、历史、居民、文化等多元内涵，这段时间从十七世纪初的英国美洲殖民地到1959年建立最后一个美国本土的州为止. ### 第2段 Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the Old West. He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization. 中文理解：哈特与当时大部分好莱坞的演员不同，他确实了解（历史上）旧西部的有关情况。孩提时他在旧西部生活过，当时开拓的浪潮已经开始退却。 他的西部英雄深深地植根于他的记忆深处，融入其经历；也扎根于旧西部的历史和逐步消逝的神话之中。旧西部被荒谬地浪漫化，虽然在美国历史上没有任何时期或地区能出其右，但至少在个人与不断侵入其生活的文明之间的冲突上，神话与现实确实交织在了一起。 #### 1. Hart knew something… 简单句，主谓宾结构. 其中Old West 的“O”字母必须大写，旧西部，又称Wild West，也同样每个单词第一个字母需要大写，书中印成old，予以改正. The period of the Wild West was from 1865-1895, a period of thirty years. The 'Old West' \[1] 引自https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_frontier was famous for cowboys, native Indians, the lawmen, gunslingers, the pioneers, the prospectors, the gamblers, the scouts, the outlaws, the gangs and the gunfighters. 哈特生于 1864年，孩提时代正好是旧西部（狂野西部）的发展时期. #### 2. He had lived…when…and his hero was rooted… 复合句，首句为主谓+时间状语结构. and 后面为第二句，该句为主谓结构，and 与 in both 之间有所省略，可理解成and rooted in. #### 3. although…myth and reality did join hands… 复合句，although 引导让步状语从句，为主谓结构. 主句为主谓宾结构. ### 第3段 Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos. Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians. 中文理解：习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的人们，却被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向；又被围栏、法律和外来的禁忌打得措手不及。哈特扮演的偶尔做做坏事的好人，总是个外人，总是个没有当地各项权利的人。如果他认为一路上有必要开枪射死司法官或抢劫银行，他的早期观众很能理解，也很容易谅解，当最后哈特打败了前来进攻的印第安人时，观众尤其容易理解和谅解。 * **accustomed to**：过去常常 / 习惯于；used to do 说过去习惯；be used to 后说已习惯的事，别混用。 * **in the end**：最后；最终；适合一连串变化之后交代结果；不要与具体地点的 at the end of 混淆。 #### 1. Men were bewildered by…and unhorsed… 并列句，and 连接were bewildered 和unhorsed 两个谓语. 主谓结构. 这句涉及时代背景，上文交代了美国当时西进的拓荒历程，这些拓荒者在这一路都是与荒蛮的西部自然环境作斗争，与土著印第安人作斗争，在他们习惯了这样的生活之后，时代不同了，他们最终被文明的各种方式和规则所改变. 文中以unhorsed 来表达这种改变，一语双关，牛仔们从马上下来，进入现代生活. #### 2. Hart's good-bad man was… and if he found it…his early audiences found it…when… 复合句，and 连接were bewildered 和unhorsed 两个谓语. 主谓结构. 主句为主系表结构，第二个表语有所省略，an outsider, and always was one of the disinherited. if 引导的条件状语从句中，为find+形式宾语+宾补+真正宾语结构，主句也用了同样的结构. 最后是when 引导的时间状语从句，为强调句，主谓宾结构. 本句中disinherited 并非指剥夺了财产继承权，而是to deprive of a natural or established right or privilege. 即对于当时的哈里来说，他的财产可能被剥夺了，他又无法融入所在的社区，故而这里的一切，包括认同和荣誉，都无法继承. ### 第4段 Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by. 中文理解：生活在20世纪10年代的观众认为，逃离到虽然艰苦，但相对而言简朴的时代中去，会感到愉悦。我们今天仍有这种感觉。如今，不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭，成为我们日常生活的一部分，我们都希望有一个得以依附的生存法则。 #### 1. Audiences found it…when… 复合句，主句结构跟上句一致. when 引导的时间状语从句为主系表结构. 这里教材翻译成“20世纪20年代”有误，文中为二十世纪第二个十年，也就是 1910-1919，在中文中应为10年代，而非20年代. 哈特1914年开始出名，亦为10年代. #### 2. We do…we want a code… 复合句，由分号分成2句，第一句主谓结构，第二句主谓宾结构，只是前面有一个分词作状语，被定语从句所修饰. 该从句为主系表结构. \[1] 此处参考：https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/the-disinherited.2195183/ ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第84—87页，2022年2月第2版。*