--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/19-the-stuff-of-dreams.md description: 新概念英语第四册：The Stuff of Dreams。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 梦的本质 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. "Rest", in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. 中文理解：很明显，睡眠一定有某种作用。睡眠所占时间甚多，其作用似乎还不小。人们对睡眠作用的猜测，确实已经持续了数千年。一项使人对这个问题感到困惑的奇怪发现是，睡眠看上去很有可能并不仅仅是让身体得到休息。 只看放松肌肉等方面，只需躺一会儿，甚至坐一会儿就能得以 “休息”。人体组织可在一定程度上自我修补和自我恢复，或多或少有些连续活动时，人体组织发挥最佳。实际上，睡眠状态下仍存在一定量的机体活动，以防止肌肉停止活动。 * **as if**：以便或以致 / 尽管 / 即使 / 仿佛；先判断两部分的关系；even though 说已知情况，even if 常说假设。 * **in terms of**：从某个角度 / 关于；限定你正在讨论的范围，不能当作所有句子的万能开头。 #### 1. It is clear that the sleeping period must have some function and because…the function would seem to be important… 并列复合句，以and 分为两句，第一句it 为形式主语，that 引导的主语从句作真正主语，该主语从句为主谓宾结构. and 后第二句的主句为主系表结构，前面有一个because 引导的原因状语从句. #### 2. Speculations have been going on and finding is that it looks… 并列复合句，以and 分为两句，第一句为主谓结构. 第二句中，that 引导定语从句修饰主句的主语finding，该定语从句为主谓宾+宾补结构. 主句为主系表结构，故finding is that it looks…rest 是系动词is 后面接that 引导的表语从句. 这个that 引导的表语从句为it looks as if…的主系表结构，其表语又由一个as if 引导的表语从句担任，即主系+表语从句结构中，该表语从句仍为主系+表语从句结构. 这个嵌套的表语从句本身又是主系表结构sleeping is \[not] a matter. #### 3. Rest can be achieved… 简单句，主谓结构，by 引导方式状语，不过该状语是并列结构，or 后面有所省略，补充完整为rest can be achieved even by sitting down. #### 4. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring and function…when… 并列句，前句主系表结构，后句省略了主语，主谓结构，后面的when 引导的时间状语从句亦有省略，补充完整为when the body’s tissues are \[more or less] \[continuously] active. 主系表结构. #### 5. movement occurs which is concerned with… 复合句，主谓结构，which 引导定语从句修饰movement，主谓宾结构. ### 第2段 If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming. 中文理解：睡眠如果不在于休息身体，那么也许在于休息大脑？ 若不是下面两个因素，这个假说倒是颇有道理。一个因素是，脑电图记录仪（是一种简单的将电极接到头皮上以记录脑电波活动的仪器）显示，人在睡眠时大脑活动的方式会发生变化，但没有迹象表明，其活动总量会有任何减少。另一因素更有意思，也更根本。前些年，美国一位叫威廉·德门特的精神病学者发表了一篇研究报告，记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。他指出，正常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球活动，这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢， 有的急剧而迅速。在这些眼球活动期间被叫醒的人，通常都报告说自己刚才在做梦 ；在其它期间，则没有做梦。如果两组人对比，一组人连续几夜在快速眼动状态时被叫醒；另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，不过叫醒时眼球没有活动。结果，第一组人开始出现性格失调 ，而第二组人似乎没受多少影响。这一切意味着：重要的不是睡眠是否受干扰，而是做梦时受到干扰。 #### 1. If it is not a question…the brain needs resting… 复合句，主句为强调句，主谓宾结构. if 引导的条件状语从句，主系表结构. #### 2. This might be hypothesis were it not for two factors… 复合句，主句为简单句，主系表结构，后面跟一个省略了if 的条件状语从句，且采用了倒装结构，属于虚拟语气的用法，还原为： if it were not for two factors. (2.1.3) #### 3. the electroencephalograph shows that…while…there is no evidence… 复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句结构. 该宾语从句包含一个while 引导的时间状语从句（3-2句）和that 引导的同位语从句（3-3句）. 其中3-2句为there be 句型，3-3句为主系表结构简单句. 3-1句原文是以括号形式作补充讲解脑电图记录仪为何物，该句本身是简单句，主系表结构. #### 4. The second factor is interesting and fundamental… 简单句，主系表并列结构. #### 5. an American psychiatrist published experiments… 简单句，主谓宾结构. William Charles Dement (born July 29, 1928) is an American sleep researcher and founder of the Sleep Research Center at Stanford University.睡眠医学之父，还健在. #### 6. He showed that the sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts… 复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句，而该从句为主谓宾结构. some drifting and slow，以及others jerky and rapid 两句为独立主格结构. 这两句所处的宾语从句中，主语为平均的睡眠周期，而此两句的主语应为bursts of eye-movements，与句子的主语不一致. (12.1.2) #### 7. People reported that they had been dreaming… 复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句，而该从句为主谓结构. 这里是处于快速眼动睡眠状态. #### 8. when…they reported no dreams… 复合句，主句主谓宾结构. when 引导的时间状语从句省略了主语，完整句为： \[When they had woken \[at other times],] …因为主句是一般过去时，这个苏醒在主句汇报没有梦之前发生，所以是过去的过去，采用过去完成时予以还原. #### 9. If…the first group began to show some disorders while… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，即9-2句. 9-1句为if 引导的条件状语从句，为并列句，由and 连接，均为主谓结构，第二句里面含有when 引导的时间状语从句，该时间状语从句为主谓宾结构. 9-3句由 while 引出，与第一组人的反应形成对比，意为“而另一组……”，不宜在这里按时间状语从句理解；其内部是主系表结构。 #### 10. The implications were that… 复合句，主句为主系+表语从句. that 引导的表语从句为强调句型，为并列句，均为主谓结构，其中but 后这一句省略了谓语，还原为but it was the disturbance of dreaming that mattered. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第76—79页，2022年2月第2版。*