--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/17-a-man-made-disease.md description: 新概念英语第四册：A Man-made Disease。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 人为的疾病 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit and apparently no other animal was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. 中文理解：在开拓澳大利亚初期，那批雄心勃勃的开拓者们将欧洲兔引进了澳大利亚，这个做法并不明智。欧洲兔在澳大利亚和新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔类特有的惊人繁殖力，毫无节制地繁衍起来。整个澳洲兔子成灾。兔子在地里打洞，原本可养活数百万头牛羊的牧草，被兔子消耗殆尽，澳洲大陆遭到了严重的破坏。科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不包括别的动物）易患一种叫 “多发性粘液瘤”的致命病毒疾病。通过传染兔子，并让病兔在兔子洞内乱跑，就可以让此病在该区域流行起来。后来又发现，有一种蚊子是传播该疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给（健康的）兔子。 因此，当世界上其他地方在设法灭蚊，澳大利亚却助长蚊子。蚊子有效地将疾病传遍澳洲大陆，使得兔子的数目大幅下降。后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已逐渐产生一定的抵抗力，以致于彻底消灭兔子不太可能。无论如何，仍有希望将兔子问题予以掌控。 * **so that**：以便或以致 / 尽管 / 即使 / 仿佛；先判断两部分的关系；even though 说已知情况，even if 常说假设。 * **get rid of**：摆脱；除去；后面说明清除对象，语气比简单的 remove 更口语化。 * **was unlikely to**：很可能 / 不太可能；表达概率，不是确定会或绝不会发生。 #### 1. settlers introduced the European rabbit… 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 2. This rabbit had no natural enemies, so… 复合句，主谓宾结构，加一个结果状语从句，以致于出现了后面的情况，从句为主谓结构. #### 3. It overran a continent. 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 4. It caused devastation by…which… 复合句，主谓结构+定语从句. 句中it 指兔子，那么兔子带来了什么的毁灭呢，本句中并没有说，必须结合上句，遍布整个澳洲，所以此句的毁灭，是针对澳洲大陆来说的. #### 5. Scientists discovered that…this was susceptible… 复合句，主谓+宾语从句. 其中宾语从句是主系表结构，susceptible 形容词作表语，后面to a fatal virus disease，可以看作状语，亦有人作表语补足语来理解. #### 6. epidemics could be created. 简单句，主谓结构. by 引导的方式状语是并列结构，分成让兔子感染，以及让兔子乱跑. #### 7. it was found that… which… 复合句，it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句为实际主语. 该主语从句中，含which 引导的定语从句修饰蚊子，该定语从句为主语+双谓语结构，第二个谓语由动词词组pass on 担任. #### 8. while…Australia was encouraging this one. 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，前面为while 引导的时间状语从句，亦为主谓宾结构. this one 指上一句的蚊子. #### 9. It spread the disease and reduced the population… 并列句，it 指蚊子，spread 句中为过去式，其过去式和过去分词均不变，否则一般现在时需要用第三人称单数. #### 10. It became apparent that rabbits were developing…so that the rabbit population was to be exterminated… 复合句，it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句为实际主语，该从句到disease 为止. 主 句为主系表结构. that 引导的主语从句为主谓宾结构. so that 引导目的状语从句，该从句为主系表结构，动词不定式作表语. #### 11. There were hopes…that… there be 句型+同位语从句. 其中同位语从句是主系表结构. ### 第2段 Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented. 中文理解：颇为讽刺的是，欧洲将兔子赠予澳洲，对澳洲而言成为一害；而欧洲却如染上瘟疫一般感染了这种人为的疾病。一位法国内科医生决定除掉其庄园内的野兔，并引进了多发性粘液瘤。然而，该疾病并未局限于其庄园内，而是在整个法国蔓延开来。野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。 这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可家兔却是利润丰厚的毛制品工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。现在的问题变成，人类能否控制住人类自己造成的疾病。 * **get rid of**：摆脱；除去；后面说明清除对象，语气比简单的 remove 更口语化。 * **are regarded as**：被看作；说明某种看法；原句是谁这样看，复述时要保留。 * **whether**：不仅 / 两者都不 / 是否；找齐成对结构的两端；不是看见 not only 就一律倒装。 #### 1. Europe acquired this disease… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，主语Europe 由which…Australia 这一定语从句所修饰. 定语从句结构与主句一样. #### 2. A French physician decided to get rid of…and introduced… 并列句，and 连接的两句均为主谓宾结构，只不过第二句省略了主语. #### 3. It did not remain within the confines… 简单句，主系表结构，表语由介词短语担任. #### 4. It spread where…and it spread where…but where… 并列复合句，两个it spread 主句构成全句的主干结构，而每一个主句中，又含有 where 引导的定语从句作进一步的解释说明，其中第二个主句包括2个where 引导的定语从句，以but 为转折相联系. 4-1该定语从句为并列句，主谓宾结构，第二句省略了主语，谓语也不完整，所以 as 应理解为are regarded as. 4-2该定语从句为简单句，主谓宾结构. 4-3该定语从句为主系表结构，是第二个主句的第二个定语从句. #### 5. The question became one… 简单句，主系表结构. 只不过之后of 所带的定语里面，whether 引导的从句整体作介词 of 的宾语（whether 本身不是介词），所以在这里对该句子Man…invented 进行了成分划分，里面还包含了一个he had invented 的定语从句修饰disease. 可以留意，最后的两个括回来的括号，一个在句点内，表of 所带的定语结束；一个在句点之外，表he had invented 的从句结束. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第68—71页，2022年2月第2版。*