--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/16-the-modern-city.md description: 新概念英语第四册：The Modern City。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 现代都市 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. 中文理解：在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响被完全忽视了。现代工业以最低成本获得最大产出为原则，目的是让个人或某个群体尽可能多地赚钱。现代工业不断扩张，却不了解操作机器者的真实本性，也不考虑工厂强加的人工生活方式会给工人及其后代带来什么影响。大城市的建设没有考虑我们。摩天大楼的形状和规模完全基于如下需求：每平方英尺土地获取最大的收入，以及为租客提供他们满意的办公室和公寓。 这样就导致了摩天大厦的拔地而起，大量人群被聚集在了一起。文明人热衷这样的生活方式。在享受他们住宅的舒适而庸俗的奢华之际，却没有意识到他们被剥夺了生活的必需品。现代都市有着畸形的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道。街道上满是汽油味和有毒气体，出租车、卡车和公共汽车的噪音不绝于耳，络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。显而易见，现代都市显然并不是以居民的福祉为出发点来规划的。 * **based on**：基于 / 不考虑 / 发挥主导作用；先找依据、被忽视的对象或作用所在，避免只堆词组。 * **full of**：装满 / 在某人看来；filled with 与 full of 的搭配要配对记，别混成 full with。 #### 1. the influence has been neglected. 简单句，主谓结构. #### 2. Modern industry is based on the conception… 复合句，主句主谓宾结构，in order that 引导目的状语从句，为主谓结构. #### 3. It has expanded…who… 复合句，主句为主谓结构，后面跟了who 引导的定语从句，为主谓宾结构. and 前后各有一个without 短语作伴随状语，属于并列结构. #### 4. The great cities have been built… 简单句，主谓结构. #### 5. The shape and dimensions depend on the necessity…that… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，最后有一个that 引导的定语从句，为主谓宾结构. #### 6. This caused the construction…where… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面where 引导的定语从句为主谓结构. #### 7. Civilized men like a way. 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 8. While…, they do not realize that… 复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句结构，最前面是while 引导的时间状语从句，主谓宾结构，后面that 引导的宾语从句亦为主谓宾结构. #### 9. The modern city consists of edifices and of dark, narrow streets… 并列句，均为主谓宾结构，第二句省略了主语和部分谓语. 本句教材编者有所改动，美式的一些表达更改为了英式，原著为：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of gasoline fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, trucks, and trolleys, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. #### 10. it has not been planned… 简单句，主谓结构. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第64—66页，2022年2月第2版。*