--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/13-the-search-for-oil.md description: 新概念英语第四册：The Search for Oil。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 探寻石油 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom. 中文理解：最深的洞，都是为勘探石油而钻的。这些洞最深可达地底 25,000英尺。但是，跟采矿要送人下去挖矿不同，开发石油无需将人送到地下。这些洞只不过是一些直径不足1英尺的钻孔。我个人的经历主要在石油行业。勘探石油对于改进深孔钻探的贡献比其它采矿业都要大。确定了钻孔地点，我们就在表面建起石油井架。井架必须建高，因为它像一个巨型滑轮组。我们必须把长长的钻杆钻进地下，钻杆底部装有钻头，并由顶部的钻机带动旋转，然后再将钻杆拉出地面。 * **the search for**：造成伤害 / 一瞥 / 寻找 / 在顶部；harm 常作不可数名词，search for 后说明寻找对象。 #### 1. holes are made…, and they go down… 并列句，均为主谓结构. 不过目前最深的洞是科拉超深钻孔(Kola Superdeep Borehole)，深达地底40,230英尺. 10,000英尺大概是3,048米. #### 2. we do not need to send men down…as we must… 复合句，主句为主谓宾+宾补结构，as 引导的方式状语从句为主谓结构，该方式状语从句省略了send men down，相当于we must send men down with other… #### 3. The holes are borings… 简单句，主系表结构. 后面跟一个定语. #### 4. My particular experience is in oil, and the search for oil has done… 并列句，前句主系表结构，后句主谓结构. than 引导的比较状语省略了谓语has done，即than any other mining activity has done. #### 5. When…, we put up an oil derrick. 复合句，主句是主谓宾结构，重点在于when 引导的时间状语从句，从句里面包含了一个where 引导的主语从句，it 作形式主语. 主语从句中，we 为主语，where 在这里是引导词，本身在从句中不能作为主语，主语从句为主谓结构. #### 6. It has to be tall because…and we have to lower into…and haul out of…which… 复合句，第一个and 连接了前后两个句子，前句为主系表结构，加上一个because 引导的原因状语从句，该从句也是主系表结构. 第一个and 后句为并列结构，由第二个and 进行连接，两个都是主谓宾结构，其中 lower into the ground 和 haul out of the ground 共享后置的宾语 great lengths of drill pipe。意思是“把很长的钻杆放入地下，再提出地面”；out of the ground 是方向介词短语，不能作为 haul 的第二个直接宾语。 which 引导的定语从句为并列句，为主谓结构. 这里pipe 用了单数，是因为of drill pipe 作定语修饰lengths，后面which 引导的定语从句按照主谓一致原则，跟随lengths 使用了are. ### 第2段 The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner. 中文理解：地质学家需要知道钻头已深入到了什么岩层，因此时常要用取心钻头进行取样。这种钻头钻取一段平整的圆柱形岩石，从中能看出所钻透的地层情况。一旦到达油层，来自地下天然气或地下水的巨大压力，会让石油向地面流上来。必须让这种压力处于控制之中。 依靠泥浆在钻杆中向下循环，我们得以控制压力。我们尽量避免使用陈旧而不切实际的喷井方法，只会浪费石油和天然气。我们在能够以可控的方法将石油（从地底）引出来之前，先让石油留在井下。 #### 1. The geologist needs to know what…, so a sample is obtained… 复合句，首句为主谓+宾语从句结构. what 引导的宾语从句为主谓结构. so 后面这句为主谓结构. core bit 在石油勘探领域的术语为取心钻头，意思是钻取岩心. #### 2. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面是from which 引导的定语从句，为主谓结构，而在这个定语从句中，还有一个定语从句修饰strata，为主谓结构. 取心钻头钻取岩心时，岩心立即形成与钻头体内径相等或略小的岩心柱而进入内岩心筒并受到保护成形，这里的cylinder 应该讲的就是成为岩心柱，只不过科普文无需讲得如此细致. #### 3. Once…it flows to the surface because… 复合句，主句为主谓结构，而前面有一个once 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓宾结构，后面有一个because 引导的原因状语从句，为主谓宾结构. #### 4. This pressure must be under control, and we control it…which… 复合句，and 分成前后两句，前句为主系表结构，后句主谓宾结构，包括一个which 引导的定语从句修饰mud. 这里的泥浆即钻井液，钻井液是用于钻井的一种循环流体，初期进行旋转钻井时用清水，因地层中的泥质成分等而成为浑浊的泥水，称之为泥浆. 现在基本上都称为钻井液. 所以文中circulate down 也只是一方面. #### 5. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which… 复合句，主句是主谓宾结构，which 引导的定语从句修饰gusher，主谓宾结构. #### 6. We want it to stay down the hole until… 复合句，主句是主谓宾+宾补结构，until 引导时间状语从句，为主谓宾结构，其中 lead off 动词短语作谓语，作引出之意. \[1] 钻井液百科，里面有科普图片，推荐大家前往浏览. http://baike.yooso.com.cn/show/269105.html ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第54—56页，2022年2月第2版。*