--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/09-royal-espionage.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Royal Espionage。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 王室谍报行动 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. 中文理解：阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自化身间谍，以一身吟游歌手的装扮深入丹麦军营。那个年代，浪迹天涯的吟游歌手到哪都受欢迎。他们不是作战人员，他们的竖琴可作护照之用。阿尔弗雷德青年时学过许多民歌，并能在表演中穿插些杂技和小魔术，使节目更加丰富。 #### 1. Alfred the Great acted as spy, visiting… 简单句，主谓宾结构，后面有一个现在分词短语和一个过去分词短语，两个均作状语，visiting…camps 可以理解成作伴随状语，修饰acted 这一动作；disguised…minstrel 则作方式状语，修饰visiting. Alfred the Great (849-899)，建议搜索了解大帝的生平. #### 2. minstrels were welcome… 简单句，主谓结构. #### 3. They were not men, and their harp was their passport. 并列句，均为主系表结构. #### 4. Alfred had learned ballads, and could vary his programme… 并列句，均为主谓宾结构. ### 第2段 While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. 中文理解：阿尔弗雷德的小规模部队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，他亲自潜入丹麦入侵司令官古什鲁姆的军营。 丹麦军已在奇彭纳姆驻扎，准备过冬，阿尔弗雷德随即赶到。他很快发现丹麦军队纪律松懈，他们有着征服者的自信，对安全防范却漫不经心。他们依靠掠夺周边的财物，生活很是滋润。他们抢夺民女，还搜刮食物酒水，淫逸的生活让丹麦军人丧失斗志。 * **set out**：出发 / 着手 / 建立；回到原句判断是旅程、目标还是建立某物，不把三个词组当成同义词。 * **at once**：起初 / 终于 / 马上 / 首次 / 再一次；这些时间词不能随意互换，先看原文把哪两个阶段接起来。 * **as well as**：除了 / 以及；确认是在增加信息还是排除信息；apart from 要结合上下文。 #### 1. While army began to gather, the king set out to penetrate the camp… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，while 引导的时间状语从句亦为主谓宾结构. #### 2. These had settled down: Alfred went… 并列句，前后两个句子，以冒号相隔. 前句为主谓结构，后句有倒装，还原为Alfred went thither. 也是主谓结构. #### 3. He noticed that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence, and precautions were casual. 复合句，前后两个句子，以冒号相隔. 第一句为主谓+宾语从句结构，宾语从句为主系表结构. 冒号后面的句子为并列句，由两个句子组成，第一句为主谓宾结构，第二句为主系表结构. #### 4. They lived on the proceeds… 简单句，They 是主语，lived 是谓语，well 表示“生活得好”；on the proceeds of raids…说明生活来源，意为“靠劫掠所得生活”。介词 on 在这里并不表示地点；live on sth 可表达“靠某物维生”，即使 well 或逗号插在中间，这一来源关系仍然成立。 #### 5. they collected women, and a life had made them soft. 并列句，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构. ### 第3段 Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. 中文理解：阿尔弗雷德在敌营停留了大约一个星期，便回到了阿塞尔纳。他在那里集结的军队，和丹麦大军一比相形见绌。然而，阿尔弗雷德推断，丹麦军人已不再适应持久战役，他们的后勤保障毫无组织可言，只靠零星的劫掠维持补给。 * **compared with**：根据 / 与……相反 / 与……相比；说明信息来源或比较对象，不把原作者观点直接改成事实。 * **no longer**：不再；这类否定常标记故事或观点的变化，复述时不能漏掉。 * **depended on**：取决于；依赖；说清依赖什么条件，不只记一个中文对应词。 #### 1. Alfred stayed…before he returned… 复合句，主句为主谓结构，before 引导的时间状语从句亦为主谓结构. 这里网上有人认为句中a week 不等于for a week，因此不应理解为“在camp 待了一周”，而是“在他回到阿塞尔纳的一周前，阿尔弗雷德一直待在敌营”. 这里似乎缺少了for，但毕竟这里涉及史实，我查了别的书籍，全都写的是待了几 #### 天. Alfred stayed \[in the Danish camp] \[for several days], \[singing his songs and playing sweet music], and \[all the time] \[watching and listening]. 这里all the time 后面的伴随状语，你也可以看作Alfred was watching and listening \[all the time]. 从这可以看出，原句的理解应为一个星期，而不是一周前. 应为实际上也不是7天，所以翻译中我加了“大约”二字. 其实作者不过是把地点状语提前了，调换一下就没有这种模棱两可的情况了： Alfred stayed a week in the camp before…因为stay 和last 一样，本身带有持续性的意义，可以省略for. #### 2. The force was trivial… 简单句，主系表结构. #### 3. Alfred had deduced that the Danes were fit and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on raids… 复合句，以冒号分为两句，第一句为主谓+宾语从句结构，宾语从句为主系表结构. and 后面是省略了主语和谓语Alfred had deduced 的宾语从句，这里的冒号可以理解成分号. 该宾语从句为并列句，以but 相连，均为主谓宾结构，只不过but 后面这句省略了主语their commissariat. 这里 irregular 修饰 raids，表示劫掠行动没有固定规律、零散而缺乏组织，不宜从“非正规军”的词义推导成某一种具体的抢掠顺序。 ### 第4段 So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly 中文理解：因此，面对丹麦人的进攻，阿尔弗雷德没有冒着风险正面御敌，而是反复袭击敌人。他率部队 #### 这一段的读法与用法 \[1] Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall. Our Island Story: A History of Britain. Chapter 17. ### 第5段 on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes—and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 中文理解：不停地移动，吸引丹麦军队追赶自己。他的巡逻小队阻止进行抢夺的敌人： （缺乏补给）饥饿威胁着丹麦军队。阿尔弗雷德这才发起了一连串小规模的战斗，不出一个月，丹麦军队就投降了。这完全算得上王室谍报行动史诗中最独特的篇章了。 #### 1. Alfred did not risk battle but harried the enemy. 并列句，以but 连接，两句均为主谓宾结构，第二句省略了主语Alfred. #### 2. He was on the move. 简单句，主系表结构，后面跟一个现在分词作伴随状语. #### 3. His patrols halted parties: hunger assailed army. 并列句，两句由冒号分开，前后两句均为主谓宾结构. \[感谢读者@花崎赤瞳指出 20200221，以及感谢@一缠到底指出该句的讲解重复了上一句的讲解内容20200224] #### 4. Alfred began skirmishes and the Danes had surrendered. 并列句，首句主谓宾结构，and 后句为主谓结构. #### 5. The episode could serve as a(n) epic 简单句，主谓宾结构. 翻译的时候，将episode 放在了最后. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第39—42页，2022年2月第2版。*