--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/08-trading-standards.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Trading Standards。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 贸易标准 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 Chickens slaughtered in the United States, claim officials in Brussels, are not fit to grace European tables. No, say the Americans: our fowl are fine, we simply clean them in a different way. These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. It is not just farmers who are complaining. An electric razor that meets the European Union's safety standards must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the United States, and an American-made dialysis machine needs the EU's okay before it hits the market in Europe. 中文理解：布鲁塞尔的官员说，在美国屠宰的鸡不适合端上欧洲人的餐桌。不，美国人说，我们的家禽并不差，只是我们的清洁方式不同。如今，阻碍发达国家之间贸易的，主要是各国法规的差异，而不是关税。并不仅仅是农民在抱怨。一把符合欧盟安全标准的电动剃须刀必须得到美国检测人员的批准，方可在美国上市销售； 而美国制造的透析仪也要得到欧盟的首肯才能进入欧洲市场。 #### 1. officials claim Chickens are not fit to grace tables… 句子的主体是 Chickens…are not fit to grace European tables；claim officials in Brussels 是插入的报道语，采用谓语 claim 在主语 officials 前的倒装。也可改写为 officials in Brussels claim 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，但原句本身不宜解释为把宾语从句主语提前。 #### 2. the Americans say no, our… No 是独立的否定回应；say the Americans 是倒装的报道语。冒号后 our fowl are fine 和 we simply clean them in a different way 是所说的内容，并非把宾语从句中的否定词提前。 #### 3. differences put sand in the wheels of trade… 简单强调句，主句为强调句结构，主谓宾结构. 这里的 It is…that…聚焦于 differences in national regulations，可还原为 differences in national regulations put sand in the wheels of trade。判断强调句应看整体结构和还原后的语义，不能仅以 that 是否充当成分作为唯一依据。 #### 4. farmers are complaining. 简单强调句，主谓结构. #### 5. razor must be approved and machine needs the EU’s okay. 并列复合句，5-1句，主谓结构，that 引导的定语从句修饰主语razor，为主谓宾结 构，后面跟一个before 引导的时间状语从句，主谓结构. 5-2句，主句主谓宾结构，同样跟了一个before 引导的时间状语从句，主谓宾结构. ### 第2段 As it happens, a razor that is safe in Europe is unlikely to electrocute Americans. So, ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic, why have two lots of tests where one would do? Politicians agree, in principle, so America and the EU have been trying to reach a deal which would eliminate the need to double-test many products. They hope to finish in time for a trade summit between America and the EU on May 28th. Although negotiators are optimistic, the details are complex enough that they may be hard-pressed to get a deal at all. 中文理解：实际使用上，欧洲用着安全的剃须刀不大可能在美国让人触电身亡。 因此，大西洋两岸的企业都在问，一套测试即可（满足前面的安全要求），为什么要搞两套？政治家原则上同意（只搞一套标准），于是，美国和欧洲一直在努力达成协议，以便为许多产品豁免双重检验。因（1997年）5月28日将举办美欧贸易峰会，他们希望尽早达成协议。 虽然谈判代表持乐观态度，但协议细节如此复杂，以致于他们所要完全达成一项协议十分艰难。 * **is unlikely to**：很可能 / 不太可能；表达概率，不是确定会或绝不会发生。 #### 1. it happens, a razor that is unlikely to electrocute Americans. 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，that 引导的定语从句修饰主语，为主系表结构，句首有一个as 引导的非限制性定语从句. (2.2.1) 这里的翻译，想表达的意思是欧洲生产的电动剃须刀出口到美国，也不会有问题，那么这里的美国人，其实质已经是在美国的使用者了. #### 2. businesses ask why (we) have… ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic 是插入的报道语。why have two lots of tests 是 Why + 动词原形…? 的反问结构，相当于“何必做两套测试？”，不应机械补成 why we have。where one would do 表示“在一套就够用的情况下”，where 引出情境，不限于实际地点。 #### 3. Politicians agree…America and the EU have been trying to reach a deal which would eliminate the need… 并列复合句，首句为主谓结构，后面是so 作连词，第二个句子为主谓宾结构，which 引导定语从句修饰deal，该从句为主谓宾结构. #### 4. They hope to finish… 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 5. Although…the details are complex enough… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，这里enough 的作用，即so，可以看作the details are so complex that they may be…所以后面是that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句为主系表结构. 句首although 引导的让步状语从句为主系表结构. ### 第3段 Why? One difficulty is to construct the agreements. The Americans would happily reach one accord on standards for medical devices and then hammer out different pacts covering, say, electronic goods and drug manufacturing. The EU— following fine continental traditions—wants agreement on general principles, which could be applied to many types of products and perhaps extended to other countries. 中文理解：为什么如此困难呢？一是起草协议难。美国人很愿意就医疗器械的标准达成一致，然后推敲出不同的协议，用以涵盖诸如电子产品和药品生产。欧洲人——遵循优良的大陆传统——则希望就普遍的原则达成协议，而这些原则可适用于许多不同类型的产品，也可能延伸到（适用于）其它国家。 #### 1. why. Why 后面省略了may they be hard-pressed to get a deal at all. #### 2. One difficulty is to construct… 简单句，主系表结构，动词不定式作表语. #### 3. The Americans would reach one accord and hammer out pacts… 并列句，and 连接的两个句子均为主谓宾结构. #### 4. The EU wants agreement which… 复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面跟一个which 连接的定语从句，该从句为并列句，均为主谓宾结构. continental traditions 大陆传统指欧洲大陆传统. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第36—38页，2022年2月第2版。*