--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/07-bats.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Bats。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 蝙蝠 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. 中文理解：动物发出的声音，并不全是用来传递信息的。只要看看蝙蝠回声定位这一非凡发现，就能知道声音也可以发挥纯粹的实用作用。 #### 1. sounds serve as…we have to turn to…in which… 复合句，以第一个and 分为前后两句，第一句为主谓宾结构，第二句为主谓宾+定语从句结构，定语从句为主谓宾结构. ### 第2段 To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo. 中文理解：要充分理解这意味着什么，我们必须回顾一下人类最近的一些发明。大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近大喊，就会听到回声。固体障碍物越远, 回声返回所用的时间就越久。敲打船身所发出的声音会由海底反弹回来，而利用接收回声的时间差，便可测算得出该处的海洋深度。这样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。所有固体都会反射声音，因大小和性质而异。 鱼群也同样会反射声音。从定位海底到定位鱼群，仅一步之遥。 凭借着经验和升级了的仪器，人们不仅能够定位鱼群，还可以根据鱼群回声的模式分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，还是人们所熟悉的别的鱼。 * **according to**：根据 / 与……相反 / 与……相比；说明信息来源或比较对象，不把原作者观点直接改成事实。 * **not only**：不仅 / 两者都不 / 是否；找齐成对结构的两端；不是看见 not only 就一律倒装。 #### 1. we must turn first to inventions… 简单句，主谓宾结构，只不过句首的目的状语里面，有一个what 引导的句子作介词of 的宾语，有主谓宾结构. #### 2. Everyone knows that if… 复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句结构，宾语从句自身为主谓结构，只不过该宾语从句里面包含一个if 引导的条件状语从句，亦为主谓结构. #### 3. time will elapse… 简单句，为主谓结构，句首为比较状语. #### 4. A sound will be reflected…and the depth can be calculated… 并列句，两句均为主谓结构. #### 5. apparatus was born… 简单句，so 引导了倒装结构，谓语提前了. 后面now…ships 的定语，可以看作是which 引导的非限制定语从句的省略版本， which is \[now] in general use in ships. #### 6. object will reflect a sound, varying… 简单句，主谓宾结构，后面分词短语作后置定语. #### 7. fish will do this. 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 8. it is a step… 简单句，主系表结构. #### 9. it is possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if… 复合句，主句主系表结构，该句中，not only…echo 是真正的主语，it 为形式主语，而该主语中，有一个if 引导的从句作tell 的宾语. if 句亦为主系表结构. ### 第3段 It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles—or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar. 中文理解：人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声定位并躲开障碍物——或者定位它们作为食物的会飞的昆虫。蝙蝠的回声定位经常与雷达对比，两者的原理相似。 * **compared with**：根据 / 与……相反 / 与……相比；说明信息来源或比较对象，不把原作者观点直接改成事实。 #### 1. It has been found…that bats emit squeaks and they can… 复合句，主句为that 引导的主语从句到句末. 在该主语从句中，由第一个and 连接两个并列的句子，by receiving the echoes 是后面这一句的方式状语了，后面这一句有多个谓语，包括can locate, can steer clear of, 以及or 后面的can locate. on which 引导的定语从句修饰insects. 介词on 及介词的宾语（介宾）which 在定语从句中，放在句子前是正式用法，非正式为which they feed on. #### 2. This echo-location is compared with radar, the principle is similar… 复合句，主句主谓宾结构，定语从句主系表结构. 从句的of which 是修饰principle 的定语. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第33—35页，2022年2月第2版。*