--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/05-youth.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Youth。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 青年 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 People are always talking about "the problem of youth". If there is one—which I take leave to doubt—then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 中文理解：人们总是在谈论“青年问题”。如果这个问题存在的话——请允许我对此持怀疑态度——那么，这个问题是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。让我们先从根本说起，承认年轻人毕竟也是人，和年长者一样。老年人和青年人只有一个区别：青年人身前有光辉前景，而老年人的辉煌前景已成身后往事。这可能是问题的症结所在。 #### 1. People are talking about… 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 2. If…it is…who… 复合句，if 开头的条件状语从句，加一个定语从句作为插入语，该定语从句为主谓结构. 主句为强调句，这里it is…who 是强调句型，系动词后为被强调部分. #### 3. Let us get down…and agree that… 复合句，主句为祈使句，两个宾语补语并列，第二个补语中，that 引导的句子作 agree 的宾语，该宾语从句为主系表结构. #### 4. Let us get down…and agree that… 复合句，主句there be 句型，冒号作为句子中使用的标点符号，后面一般接一个附加的解释性的分句. 第一个冒号后面的分句为并列句，均为主谓宾结构，而第二个冒号则作进一步的解释，为复合句，主系+表语从句，表语从句本身亦是主系表结构. 句中把老年人的过往也用了future 来表达，主要是对比年轻人的future，一个在前 方，一个在身后，成为了往事. ### 第2段 When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain—that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking. 中文理解：我十几岁时，只觉得自己年轻而迷茫，就像一所大学校里刚入学的新生；如果那时有人把我看成“一个问题”这样有趣的存在，我倒会很高兴。至少，被当成“一个问题”能让人获得一种明确的身份认同，而年轻人正忙着寻找这样的认同。 * **be regarded as**：被看作；说明某种看法；原句是谁这样看，复述时要保留。 #### 1. When I felt that… that… and I would have been… 复合句，When I was a teenager 是时间状语从句。其后 I felt 后接两个 that 引导的宾语从句，第二个从句借破折号解释前一个从句：that I was just young and uncertain—that I was a new boy in a huge school。它们不是表语从句。and 后接 I would have been very pleased…，表达对过去未实现情形的设想。 and 后为第二句，主系表结构，动词不定式在这里作原因状语，不定式往往放在系表结构的后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因. #### 2. being a problem gives you identity, and that is one…the young are… 复合句，由and 连接两个句子组成，第一句为主谓宾结构，双宾语. 这里的certain 是回应上句uncertain，年轻人对未来的不确定所带来的迷茫，可以通过确定的身份予以化解. and 后为复合句，主句为主系表结构，表语由定语从句修饰，定语从句为主谓结构. ### 第3段 I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures.All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders—as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong. 中文理解：我觉得青年人令人振奋，无拘无束。 他们既无卑鄙的野心，也不贪图安逸。他们不会急切地向上爬，也不沉溺于物质享受。在我看来，所有这些使他们与生命和万物之源相连。从某种意义上讲，青年人似乎超凡脱俗，同我们凡夫俗子形成了强烈而鲜明的对比。每次我遇到青年人，脑子里全是他们的超凡脱俗。青年人或许狂妄自负，举止无理，傲慢放肆，或愚昧无知，但我不会用长幼有序这种陈词滥调来为自己辩护，仿佛仅仅年长就理应受到尊重。我认为我们是平等的。如果我觉得他们错了，我就以平等的身份和他们据理力争。 * **as if**：以便或以致 / 尽管 / 即使 / 仿佛；先判断两部分的关系；even though 说已知情况，even if 常说假设。 #### 1. I find people exciting. 简单句，主谓宾+宾补结构. exciting 之声回荡耳边. #### 2. They have an air…and they have not a commitment… 并列句，均为主谓宾结构. #### 3. They are not climbers and they have no devotion… 并列句，前句为主系表结构，后句为主谓宾结构. #### 4. All this seems to link them… 简单句，主谓宾结构. #### 5. It's as if…they were cosmic beings…. 复合句，主句主系+表语从句结构. as if 引导的表语从句为主系表结构. #### 6. All that is in my mind when…. 复合句，主句主系表结构，后面是when 引导的时间状语从句，为主谓宾结构. 本句中的All that 应指上句青年人的超凡脱俗. #### 7. He may be…but I do…as if…. 复合句，主句为并列结构，前句为主系表，后句为主谓宾结构. 最后是as if 引导的方式状语从句，为主系表结构. #### 8. I accept that…and I will argue with him…if I think… 复合句，全句为并列结构，前句为主谓+宾语从句结构，从句为主系表结构. 后句为主谓宾结构，后面跟一个if 引导的条件状语从句，该从句为主谓+宾语从句结构，该宾语从句为主系表结构. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第27—29页，2022年2月第2版。*