--- url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/03-matterhorn-man.md description: 新概念英语第四册：Matterhorn Man。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。 --- # 马特洪峰攀登者 ## 课文学习台 {#study} ### 第1段 Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top! 中文理解：现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的攀登路线。道路愈艰险，他们愈珍视。然而，在登山运动的初期，则大相径庭。早期登山者所寻找的是最便捷的登顶路线，因为山的顶峰——特别是人类尚未涉足的——才是他们所追求的目标。确实，靠着简陋到让现代攀登者闻之却步的装备，早期攀登者在探险中常常遇到最危险的自然环境所带来的艰难险阻。 但是，他们的本意并非追逐艰难险阻的刺激。 他们有且只有一个目标——登顶！ * **looking for**：期待 / 照顾 / 寻找 / 看；介词一变意思就变；look forward to 的 to 后接名词或 -ing。 #### 1. alpinists try to climb…which…and the more difficult…the more highly regarded… 并列复合句，以and 连接两个句子，前一句为主谓宾结构，包含which 引导的定语从句修饰route，该定语从句为主谓+双宾语结构. and 后面是比较结构，if it is more difficult，then it is more highly regarded by modern alpinists. 原句有所省略和倒装. it 指route 攀登路线. (46.1.3) #### 2. this was not the case… 简单句，主系表结构. #### 3. climbers were looking for…because the summit was…if it had never been attained… 复合句，主句主谓宾结构. 后面是because 引导的原因状语从句，该句为主系表结 构. 原因状语从句中包含了一个if 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓结构，it 指山顶. #### 4. It is true that they faced…but they did not go out of… 复合句，该句以but 连接成两个句子，第一个句子主句是主系表结构，that 从句作真正的主语，it 仅为形式主语，主语从句到thought 为止. 主语从句为主谓宾结构，包括一个which 引导的定语从句修饰manner，该从句为主谓宾+宾补的结构，at the thought 省略了of the manner. but 后面连接的第二句为主谓宾结构，go out of one’s way 是动词词组，在这里跟 did not 一起作复合谓语，宾语由不定式充当即可. #### 5. They had an aim… 简单句，主谓宾结构，以及两个同位语表强调. ### 第2段 It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners, sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed. 中文理解：时至今日，当年先驱们攀登的艰辛，已很难想像。除了采尔马特和沙莫尼等一两个很快流行起来的地方外，阿尔卑斯山的小村庄因高山环绕而大多是贫穷的聚落，被高山阻隔，与外界隔绝。那里的小旅馆普遍肮脏不堪，跳蚤丛生。食物是当地的芝士搭配着面包，而面包通常放了一年之久。人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。山谷里常常压根就没有小旅馆，登山者只好随遇而安——有时同当地牧师 （牧师通常与信徒一样贫穷）住在一起，有时则跟牧羊人或者制造芝士的人凑合过夜。 住在哪儿情况都一样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。对于习惯一餐吃7道菜，睡在家里亚麻细布床单的人来说，转而过上阿尔卑斯山区的生活，想必确实很难适应。 * **accustomed to**：过去常常 / 习惯于；used to do 说过去习惯；be used to 后说已习惯的事，别混用。 #### 1. It is hard to realize… 复合句，it 为形式主语，to realize…作真正的主语。realize 后接 how 引导的宾语从句，how difficult 表示“有多艰难”，其后是陈述语序 it was for the pioneers。这里并没有把助动词或系动词移到主语之前，不能称为部分倒装；也不应在 how 前再添 that。 #### 2. which…Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements… 复合句，主句为主系表结构，这里 tended to be 表示“通常是、大多是”，概括当时山村的普遍情况，不是强调继续向某个状态发展. 句首是一个状语，排除掉一两个地方，以为主句作概括性的总结更加严谨. which 引导的定语从句修饰状语里面的2个地名，为主系表结构. 这两个地方均为阿尔卑斯山附近的滑雪及旅游胜地，攀登者有一个适应高海拔的过程，一般需要提前在这些地方进行驻扎，比如著名的珠峰大本营. 文章写这两个地方之外都是穷乡僻壤，是希望通过将这两个地方的准备条件和穷乡僻壤的准备条件作对比，以使现在的攀登者理解登山先驱的条件之艰苦. #### 3. Such inns were dirty…; the food (was) local cheese, all (were) washed down… 复合句，全句分为三句，第一句为主系表结构，其中有as 引导的定语从句，as 作表语. (2.2.1) 第二句省略了系动词was，cheese 后面有两个定语，第一个定语修饰cheese；第二个定语修饰bread，有所省略，可改为the bread was often twelve months old. 第三句也有省略，all were washed down… #### 4. a valley boasted no inn…and climbers found shelter wherever… 并列复合句，and 前为第一句，主谓宾结构. and 后仍是主谓宾结构：climbers found shelter。wherever they could 表示“凡能找到住处的地方”，是地点状语从句，省略了 find shelter，不是修饰 shelter 的定语从句。后面的破折号列举借宿的地点；原文括号中的 who was usually as poor as his parishioners 则是修饰 the local priest 的补充性定语从句。 接下来文章中原文本身带有括号的，括号内容将以小两号斜体排版，并在右括号的右上角标记一个中文“原”字. #### 5. the background was the same… 简单句，主系表结构. #### 6. the change must have been very hard… 简单句，主系表结构. 句首主要是两个后置定语修饰man. 从这里也可以再次看出来，本段完全是围绕着如何去想象那些登山先驱的艰苦而展开的描写，并非为读者描述这边山区人的生活情况，教材标题的误译影响对全文的分析和理解. ## 学完这一课 选一个可以讨论的判断，说明依据，再加上一句限制或不同情况。 [Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/) *译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第20—23页，2022年2月第2版。*