---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-2/51-reward-for-virtue.md
description: 新概念英语第二册：Reward for virtue。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 对美德的奖赏

## 课文学习台 {#study}

### 第1段

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

中文理解：我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越发糟糕，以致他决定节食。他是一星期前开始节食的。首先，他开列了一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。这张单子上包含了休喜欢吃的大部分食物：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和往常一样胖时，我并不感到惊奇。 他把我领进屋，慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。显然他感到很尴尬。当我问他正干什么时，他内疚地笑了，然后把那个大包拿到了桌上。他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。接着他给我看了包里的东西。里面装了 5大块巧克力棒和3袋糖果！

* **go on a diet**：开始节食 / 拜访；diet 在这里指饮食控制；pay a visit 不是支付费用。

#### 1. My friend has been fat, but things got bad that he decided to go…

并列复合句，but 连接前后两句，前句为简单句，主系表结构；后句为复合句，主句为主系表结构，后面有一个so…that 引导的结果状语从句，主谓宾结构.

#### 2. He began his diet.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

\[关键句型] 复习一般过去时，具体可参考第3课的讲解. 本课叙事主要用一般过去时，但也有 has always been（现在完成时）、Hugh loves（一般现在时）、was doing（过去进行时）等，应按各句语境区分。

#### 3. he wrote out a long list which were forbidden.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，后面有一个which 引导的定语从句，主谓结构.

#### 4. The list included most of the things (that) Hugh loves…

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，后面有一个省略了that 的定语从句，为主谓结构.

The list included most of the things Hugh loves 的重点是“休喜欢的大部分食物都被列入了禁食清单”。most 修饰 the things Hugh loves，不是说“清单上的大多数项目都是他喜欢的”；两种表述的范围不同。不过原句也不能推出清单上每一种食物都受他喜爱，不能作超出文本的保证。

\[关键句型] include 用了过去式included，本句为一般过去时. 本句用一般过去时，并不表示全文所有动词都属于这一时态。

#### 5. I paid him a visit.

简单句，主谓 + 双宾语结构.

#### 6. I rang the bell and was surprised…

并列句，and 连接前后两句，前句主谓宾结构；后句为省略了主语的主系表结构， to see…是动词不定式短语作原因状语，这个原因状语很长，里面that 引导的从句可以看作是see 的宾语，我们也顺便把这个宾语从句予以细分. 最后面as ever 补充之后是状语从句as he ever was. 不过课文中我们将其省略形式作为表语一起划分即可.

#### 7. He led me and hid a large parcel.

并列句，两句都是主谓宾结构，谓语动词都用了一般过去时所要求的过去式，lead 转为led，即lead-led-led；然后hide 转为hid，即hide-hid-hidden.

#### 8. It was obvious that he was embarrassed.

复合句，主句是主系表结构，that 引导的主语从句才是真正的主语，该从句为主系表结构.

#### 9. When I asked him what…, he smiled and put the parcel.

并列复合句，主句共用主语 he，smiled guiltily 是主谓结构，put the parcel on the desk 是主谓宾结构，前面是when 引导的时间状语从句，该时间状语从句为主谓宾 + 宾语从句结构，what 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾结构.

#### 10. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself.

复合句，主句为主谓 + 宾语从句结构，explained 用的过去式，一般过去时，该宾语从句为主系表结构，里面又有so…that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句为主谓宾结构.

#### 11. he showed me the contents.

简单句，主谓 + 双宾语结构，show 用过去式showed，一般过去时.

#### 12. It contained five large bars and three bags.

简单句，主谓宾结构，contained 用了过去式，一般过去时.

## 学完这一课

换一个时间、人物或地点，用三句话讲一件自己的小事。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-2/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文与解析据吴应时整理资料及本站首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第124—126页，2022年3月第1版。*